Capetian Dynasty (987～1328) French feudal dynasty.

Capetian Dynasty

Capetian Dynasty (987～1328) French feudal dynasty. It is named after the founder Hugo Capé (reigned from 987 to 996). In fact, it cannot be called a surname completely, because the nobles in ancient Europe did not have a surname (often named after fiefdoms). The kingdom of France, the first powerful dynasty, feudal separatism, and serfdom are gradually forming. It is called cape because the founder, Hugo Cape, likes a short shawl called "Cape". Capet is derived from the meaning of cape, which means cloak.

Capetian Dynasty
Continent Europe
capital Parismain
City: Paris,
Orleans, Toulouse, etc.
Official Language: French
Major Nationalities France Main religion Catholicism
National Land area450000 km²time987 to 1328

Introduction.

Capetian Dynasty (987～1328) Capetian Dynasty　Hugo Capetian was selected as the King of West Franconia after the death of King Louis V of the West Franconian Kingdom and created the Capetian Dynasty in France. In fact, the Carolingian family still had male heirs at this time, while the Capet family was only a matrilineal ancestor from the Carolingian family. Uncle of Louis V. Charlie is still the Duke of Lower Lorraine. But the French aristocracy chose Hugo or did Hugo rely on his own strength. The successive kings of the Capé dynasty laid the foundation for the French nation-state by expanding and consolidating the royal power .The predecessor of the Cape family was called the Robert family, and it was a Frankish nobleman. This family originated in Haspengau in the East Franconian Kingdom (later called the Holy Roman Empire ) and later moved to Neusteria in France, Worms, and Rheingau in Germany, and Espey in present-day Belgium. The earl. Robel, the strong, became the first famous person in the family. From the East Franconian King "German " Ludwig, he went to the West Franconian King "Bald" Charles, and he was made the Earl of Paris. Charles the Bald let him manage the northwest coast of Anjou Mann Tu edges and other places. But in 866, Robert was killed in battle against the Normans. After Robert's death, his son Erde succeeded the Earl of Paris and continued to serve Bald Charlie and his descendants. After the death of Bald Charles II, his son Louis II, grandson Louis III and Caroman ruled successively, but for a short time. After Carloman's death, the Carolingian ruler extinct his heirs, so he invited the fat Charlie of East Frank to come to the regent. But Fat Charlie was incompetent, unable to repel the Normans, so he had to exchange heavy bribes for Norman's retreat. So the West Franks drove away Fat Charlie. With the support and election of some aristocrats, the very accomplished Earl of Paris was elected King of West Franconia, although he did not have any Carolingian ancestry. Some dissatisfied aristocrats launched Charles, the illegitimate son of Louis II, to fight against it. In 896 after the death of King Erd, the straightforward Charlie ascended to the throne and was called Charles III. Erde's brother Robert chose to hibernate, so he didn't claim the throne. In return, he was able to retain his title and property. In 922, the rule of the straightforward Charlie finally aroused the boredom of the nobles, and Robert's opportunity came. He was elected as the opposite king. In the battle of Soissons, the opposing king Robert I was killed, but the straightforward Charlie was also captured. The nobles elected Robert I’s son-in-law, Rudolph , Duke of BurgundyAs the new king. As for the old King Charles, the straightforward man, he was imprisoned until his death in 929. King Charles's widow was an English princess, so he fled to England with his son Louis. In 936, King Rudolph died. The brother-in-law of Rudolph, the only son of King Robert Hugo, the Great Hugo, advocated the establishment of a weak king, so he invited Louis, who was in exile in England, back. So Louis won a title called "Overseas Returner". During the reign of Louis IV, the great Hugo was the most powerful nobleman and regent in the country. In 956, after the death of Hugo the Great, Hugo Capet later inherited the status of the greatest nobleman and regent. Under the rule of these weak kings, the Robert family continued to accumulate strength, until the death of Louis V, the main branch of the Carolingian dynasty barely extinct heirs. In 987, Hugo Capet was crowned king. Since then, the Capet family and its successor family have ruled France. Regarding how the Capet family can maintain their throne, the main argument is that the Cape family's territory is relatively small and weak. Therefore, it is unable to control the nobles in various places and is more in line with the interests of the nobles before being elevated to the throne. But the princess of the Carolingian family, as one of the ancestors of the Cape family, ensured their royal lineage requirements.

Robert's family genealogy

Charibert de Haspengau (c. 555–636)

Chrodobertus I. de Haspengau (c. 600–630)

Lambert I. de Haspengau (c. 620–650)

Chrodobertus II, Count of Haspengau (fl. 650)

Lambert II, Count of Haspengau (c. 682–741)

Robert I. Duke of Neustria (c. 697–764)

Thuringbert of Worms and Rheingau

Robert of Hesbaye (770–807)

Robert III of Worms (800–834)

Robert the Strong Robert I de France (King Robert I of France)

Dynasty

In the early years of the dynasty, France was a feudal separatist country. The royal territory was small, confined to scattered territories in the middle reaches of the Seine and Royal Rivers, including Paris and Orleans. The cape family is more fertile. Beginning with Hugo Capet, there have been male descendants capable of adulthood for 11 consecutive generations. But none of the families were in the early days of Germany. Therefore, the early German dynasty has not exceeded four generations. It is precisely because of the strong fertility of the Cape family that the family can spend hundreds of years to consolidate its status as a monarch, which was not owned by the early emperors of Germany. From the end of the 11th century, kingship began to strengthen. In 1066, William, Duke of Norman, conquered England and established the Norman dynasty of England, the "Conqueror" William. Louis VI (reigned from 1108 to 1137) defeated the large and small feudal lords of the royal realm and issued a commune charter to the city, combining the interests of the Capet dynasty and the city. During the reign of Philip II (reigned from 1180 to 1223), the Anjou family of France, who had the title of King of England, occupies a large territory, with a total area of 5-6 times larger than that of the French royal family, which hindered the unification of France. In 1203, France conquered Normandy and merged with Anjou and other large territories, leaving only a part of Aquitaine and Poitou in the French territory. Louis IX (reigned from 1226 to 1270) implemented judicial and financial reforms, established a high court to hear major cases, and restricted the power of the main feudal court. During the reign of Philip III (1270~1285), kingship was firmly established in the southern region. Philip IV (reigned from 1285 to 1314 ) clashed with Pope Boniface VIII (reigned from 1294 to 1303 ) due to the collection of property taxes on the church. In order to seek support from all sectors of society, the first three-level meeting was held in 1302. The Holy See was once moved to Avignon, controlled by the King of France, historically known as the prisoner of Avignon. During the reign of the Capé dynasty, there were many peasant uprisings in the countryside, and the Christian heresy Albi was popular in the southern cities, which was later suppressed by the crusaders organized by the Pope.

Birth of the Valois Dynasty

With the development of production and the progress of society, French culture has also made great achievements. In the 13th to 14th centuries, universities were founded in cities such as Paris, Toulouse, and Orleans, and Paris became an academic center. When the cape family was passed down to the 12th generation, three consecutive brothers in this generation failed to leave a male descendant that could reach adulthood. The eldest brother Louis X has a daughter and a posthumous son John. But this little John died soon after. Although some people suspect that Louis's two younger brothers murdered this heir. However, Louis's two younger brothers became Philip V and Charles IV respectively. The two left with only three daughters. Then the cousin of the three brothers, Philip, Duke of Valois, became King Philip VI. Philip VI was the son of Charles, the uncle of the three brothers. So the Varua dynasty was born. The Varua dynasty is only a branch of the Cape family. For the issue of succession to the throne, the three brothers’ nephew Edward III launched the Hundred Years’ War. France was defeated and fought repeatedly and finally drove the British army away. In 1498, with the death of King Charles VIII, the Varua family became extinct. So Charles VIII's great-great-grandfather, Louis, the great-grandson of Louis, Duke of Orleans, succeeded to the throne and became Louis XII. So created the Orleans dynasty. But Louis XII also had no descendants, so another great-grandson of the Duke of Orléans, Francis, Duke of Angoulême, succeeded and became Francis I and created the Angoulême dynasty. This person continued the Italian pioneering career of the two cousins, but he still didn't take advantage of the fight, so he had to go underground with regret. His son Henry II continued the Italian war until he was shot dead in a match with Captain Montgomery of the Scots Guard. He and Catherine Medici had three sons, and like the original three Capet brothers, he left no male descendants who could inherit the throne. So the throne was passed to the Bourbon family of Capet's branch.

Origin of the Bourbon family

Origin The Bourbon family originated from Robert of Saint-Louis in Capet. This person was named Earl of Clermont. Then he married Beatrice, the heiress of the Bourbon Territory, to obtain the Bourbon Territory. Their son became Louis I, the first Duke of Bourbon. Louis and I had two sons, Peter and James. Peter inherited the duchy and became the main branch of Bourbon. The descendants of James became the Earl of Vendôme. This is a young branch of Bourbon. The main branch of Bourbon became an important force in French politics, and Peter I was also martyred in the Battle of Poitiers. But Charles III, the last Duke of Bourbon, blatantly sided with Emperor Charles V in the Italian War and attacked France. So he was convicted of treason and deprived of his territory.

Develop

So, the orthodox change of the Bourbon family was transferred to Vendôme. Soon, Charles, Earl of Vendôme, was promoted to Duke of Vendôme. His eldest son Anthony married the Princess of Navarre, Jeanne Albre, and became King of Navarre. The Kingdom of Naval is located in the south of France and northeast of Spain. But the land south of the Pyrenees was incorporated into the Kingdom of Castile by King Ferdinand II of the Kingdom of Aragon. So the kingdom only left the land of southern France. Anthony's brother Louis became the first Prince Louis I of Condé. Since the Kingdom of Navarre and other parts of southern France are full of Huguenots ( the French term for Calvinists ), King Navarre and Prince Condé became leaders of Protestantism. After the religious war broke out, the Bourbon family continued to lead the Protestant army to fight against the king and the Duke of Guise of the Catholic League. Because Henry III of France, Henry I, Duke of Guise, and King Navarre were named Henry, it was called the Battle of Three Henrys . Finally, Duke Henry of Guise was assassinated by King Henry, and King Henry was assassinated by the Catholic League. So the throne fell to the nearest branch of the Cape family, Henry IV of the Bourbon family. Naval was also incorporated into France. Henry IV is the son of Anthony. But Henry IV couldn't get the throne before he converted to Catholicism. So the Protestant Bourbon family became the Catholic Bourbon family. The Bourbon dynasty became the ruling dynasty of France. The kings of this dynasty, except for the first King Henry IV and the last King Charles X, were all named Louis, ranging from thirteen to eighteen. This dynasty created the European hegemony of France. Finished It seems that the end of this dynasty is also the three brothers. Louis 16, Louis 18, and Charles 10, . Louis XVI was pushed to the guillotine due to tyranny. The young prince Louis XVII died in the prison of the revolutionary government. So Louis XVI's younger brother Louis began to call himself Louis XVIII and was successfully restored after Napoleon's failure. After the death of Louis XVIII, Charles X, Earl of Artois, succeeded the king's brother. The authoritarian policy of this man eventually led to the July Revolution and led to the final end of the rule of the Orleans or the Capex dynasty in France.

The Capet dynasty, ruled France: 888-896, 922-923, 956-1792, 1815-1848.

The cape dynasty, ruled Spain: 1369-1371, 1700-1808, 1813-1868, 1874-1931, 1975-present.

The cape dynasty, ruled Portugal: 1139-1383, 1385-1580, 1640-1853.

The Capé dynasty, ruled Brazil: 1822-1889.

The Capet dynasty, ruled Luxembourg: 1964-present.

The Capet dynasty, ruled Belgium: 1406-1430.

The Capet dynasty, ruled Italy: 1266-1442, 1734-1861.

The Cape Dynasty, ruled Hungary: 1301-1395.

The Cape Dynasty, ruled Croatia: 1290-1386, 1403-1409.

The Cape Dynasty, ruled Poland: 1370-1399, 1573-1574.

The Kapet Dynasty, ruled Lithuania: 1573-1575.

The Cape Dynasty, ruled Albania: 1272-1368.