St Paul Cathedral (London Church, England)
ISt. earth List. St. John's Cathedral of St. London's largest church project was completed by Sir Christopher Wren, a prominent British designer, and artist, in the late 17th century. 35 years of hard work. Another feature of the construction of the Church of St. There is also a Rennes tombstone in the church. Book "If you want his reminder, just look" (If you want his reminder, just look). There is also an unusual law school inside. St. Paul’s Cross College, located in the parish church, is the first “Parliament” chair in London. St. Paul's Cathedral is a religious center of London. Built-in beautiful Baroque style. It is the second-largest church in the world. In May 2021, the team responsible for the operation and maintenance of St. Mary's Cathedral. it may be permanently closed.
History
The church is in the style of classicism, covered with a large dome, about 111 meters high, about 74 meters wide, about 157 meters deep, and the dome is 34 meters wide. This beautiful building is beautifully built and the interior is peaceful and sturdy. It’s a great job for builder Rennes. The top of the tower is a beautiful view over the city of London. In 1981, a wedding ceremony was held for Princess Diana and Prince Charles. St. Paul's St. Paul's Cathedral was founded by St. Paul. Merritt in 604 AD, who was a follower of St. Santa Augustine was chosen to preach to the Anglo-Saxons. Since its inception, St. Paul’s Cathedral has been holding thanksgiving prayers and worship services. The cathedral at that time was already in Ludgate Hill and dedicated to St. Ludgate Mountain itself has a long religious history. It is believed that the site was originally the site of ancient Stonehenge. Later, it was a temple dedicated to the goddess Diana, facing away from the Apollo temple in Westminster at the time.
Before the Normans
The first large church was built of wood by the Anglo-Saxons. It was destroyed in 675.
In 685, the cathedral was rebuilt with stones. The Vikings were destroyed in 961.
The third church building was built in 1087 and destroyed with the whole city of the Great Fire of London in 1666.
In 1675, the construction plan for Christopher Wren was approved, and construction began.
The project was completed in 1710.
After Rennes
The cathedral survives to this day, and it survived the bombing of October 10, 1940, and April 17, 1941.
Architecture
The plan of the church is a Latin cross, with a vertical axis of 156.9 meters and a horizontal axis of 69.3 meters. Above the cross, there is a high-stakes chair made up of two levels of circular colonies, consisting of a large dome 34 feet [34 m] wide and 111 feet [111 m] high. The upper wall of Heringbone's main entrance to the church, carved through Sao Paulo to Damascus, depicts the missionary, St. Paul standing like a stone over a wall, the whole building being equal and beautiful. Compatible steel towers are built on both sides of the front building. The iron tower on the northwest corner is the church metal, and the iron tower on the southwest corner hangs a large bronze metal weighing 17 tons. Inside the church, there is an arched porch supported by a square pillar, all painted in bright colors, stained-glass windows, and large paintings of Jesus, the Virgin, and the apostles hanging all around. The carved wooden work of the choirs, the beautiful metal staircase of the temple hall, and the ancestral home, all reflect the high level of art and decoration of the year. There are also tombs and monuments of princes, generals, and celebrities in the church, such as the tombs of two 11th-century Saxon kings, General Wellington, and architect Wren.
The most impressive thing about St. Paul's Cathedral is the wedding ceremony of Diana and Charles in 1981. It still does not diminish the attractiveness of St. Paul's Cathedral to tourists. The overall architectural design is elegant and perfect, and the interior is quiet. serene.
St. Paul's Cathedral in London is the central church of the Anglican Church built between 1675 and 1710 and is known as a monument of classicist architecture. By British architect Christopher Wren (, 1632--1723 Christopher Wren) design. The plan of the original plan of the cathedral is a Greek cross with a protruding porch. The church required a longer hall to meet the needs of traditional etiquette, so it was changed to a typical Latin cross-shaped plane in the Middle Ages. The total height of the building is 108 meters. The plan of the church is composed of precise geometric figures and the layout is symmetrical. The central dome is high and supported by two drum-shaped seats at the bottom. The dome has a diameter of 34.2 meters and has two layers inside and outside, which can reduce the weight of the structure. The colonnade at the front entrance is also divided into two floors, which appropriately represents the scale of the building. The surrounding walls are evenly divided by double pilasters, and each compartment and the windows in it are treated in the same pattern, making the building appear complete and precise. However, there are still two clock towers with obvious gothic heritage on both sides, which are representatives of British classicism architecture.
In 1666, a fire destroyed the original Gothic cathedral . The existing building was built by Sir Christopher Wren, a famous British designer, and architect. The project began in 1675 and was not completed until 1710, at a total cost of 750,000 pounds. For this great masterpiece of architectural art, Rennes spent 35 years of hard work.
St. Paul’s Basilica is the second largest domed church in the world, second only to St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican. The medieval Roman church derives a special, slightly cold, serious, and dignified beauty from classical architecture. It adopts the Byzantine era. The structures of a number of churches and monasteries have recombined the foyer, apse, altars, and triumphal arches in the hall, giving them a new order and creating a new model.
The church is generally set up on a rectangular foundation, and the internal spaces are divided by long rows of majestic columns. St. Paul’s Cathedral was first established in 604 and has been destroyed and rebuilt many times. At the end of the 17th century, Sir Christopher Wren completed the design and construction of the church independently. There is also a Wren’s tombstone in the church. When you walk into the church, you will be amazed by the wide and high nave. The choir seats under the dome are the most magnificent and solemn places in the church, and the paintings on the ceiling are delicate and exquisite. To try the magic of the whispering gallery in Sao Paulo, you have to climb hundreds of steps from the side of the church and speak to the through holes of the whispering gallery. The magic echo effect can be heard in any of the other through holes. Going up from the Whispering Gallery, you can reach the top of the tower, which is a great place to overlook the city of London. There is a monument to celebrities and heroes in the basement of the church. The wedding ceremony of Diana and Charles in 1981 was held here.
Geographic location
St. Paul’s Cathedral is located in an empty area two kilometers away from the Walls of Aureliana. When it was first built, it was surrounded by a vast field. For this reason, it was called "St. Paul outside the city". In the fourth century, Constantine the Great built this church on the tomb where the preacher St. Paul was said to have been martyred. There are three Ascetic monasteries near the cemetery. Legend has it that after St. Paul was beheaded by a pagan, he bounced and jumped three times when his head fell. Suddenly three streams of clear springs gushed out of the ground, and the monastery was built on the edge of the spring. The magnificent dome and unique architectural features are famous all over the world. In 604 AD, the East Saxon king Ethel Bert Lourdes door on top of the hill built this cathedral, London and Sao Paulo, named after the patron saint. Since then, it has been the seat of the London Cathedral.
On the top of the dome, a large gilded cross was placed. The main facade of the church is west, and there is a corridor made up of six pairs of tall round stone pillars in front of the door. On the herringbone wall above the main entrance, there are pictures of Saint Paul's mission to Damascus. On the top of the herringbone wall, there is a stone statue of St. Paul. At both ends of the church facade, there is a pair of symmetrical bell towers. In the bell tower in the northwest corner, a group of church bells with harmonious tones is hung; in the bell tower in the southwest corner, a large bronze bell weighing 17 tons is hung. The largest bronze bell in England is beaten by church personnel for 5 minutes at 1 o'clock in the middle of the night.
Nave
The nave is the central passage of the church from the west gate to the central dome. It is the main place for religious and public gatherings when major worship activities are held. It is also an important passage for priests and choirs to the altar.
The west gate is the main entrance of the cathedral. It is 9 meters high and is only opened for important ceremonies. There are three small churches on both sides of the nave, namely the Church of All Souls, the Church of St. Dunstan (for personal prayer), and the Church of Saints Michael and St. George, as well as the magnificent Wellington Monument. At the intersection of the nave and the dome hang four new works by Sergey Cerpi, depicting the incarnation, ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection of Christ.
North aisle
The north aisle is located on the left side of the west gate entrance. The main places worth visiting include All Souls Chapel, St. Dunstan Chapel, and Wellington Monument.
1 Wan Ling Hall
The All Souls Hall is located on the north side of the nave just next to the west gate. It was established in 1925 to commemorate Lord Kitchener (1850-1916) who reformed the British Army and the people who died in the First World War. Therefore, This chapel is also known as the Kitchener Memorial Hall.
2 St. Dunstan Chapel
St. Dunstan’s Chapel was originally designed by Rennes and used to be a morning prayer hall. In 1905, it was refurbished as the St. Dunstan Chapel to commemorate Dunstan, the great innovator of the tenth century, who was the Bishop of London and the Archbishop of Canterbury.
Wellington Monument
The monument is located in the middle of the north aisle and is very eye-catching and spectacular. The base of the monument is made of marble, and the body and war horse are sculptured in bronze. The memorial is to commemorate Britain's greatest soldier and statesman, the Duke of Wellington, the Irishman who was the victor of the famous Battle of Waterloo. General Wellington passed away in 1852. He began to design a monument for him in 1856 and began production in 1858. It took 54 years and was completed and unveiled in 1912.
South aisle
The south aisle is located to the right of the west gate entrance, and the main places to visit are the chapels of Saint Michael and Saint George. This chapel was originally used as a place for bishops to explain doctrines and canons to priests and priests. Between 1858 and 1878 it became a temporary studio for the construction of the Wellington Monument.
North transept
The arms of the Latin cross on the floor plan of the cathedral are called the transept. The Middlesex Chapel in the North Transept hangs Holman Hunt's famous painting " [3] The Light of the World". This painting depicts Jesus patiently knocking on a door that can only be opened from the inside. He symbolizes the human heart. As long as we listen, open our hearts and accept Jesus, people can go in and get enlightenment.
South transept
The Nelson Monument in the South Transept is used to commemorate the glorious life of Britain’s greatest naval hero, General Nelson, who died in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The monument is carved with a fierce lion. The image of the lion is used to commemorate the warriors who died in the war. In the South Transept, there is also a monument to the landscape painter Joseph Mallord William Turner and the navigator Robert Scott. Scott died on his way back from the Antarctic expedition in 1912.
High altar
The high altar refers to the easternmost part of the cathedral in the shape of the Latin cross. This is the place where the choir, the Bishop of London, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the priest, and the priest sit during the service. The high altar is the earliest part of the cathedral. The choir seats and the organ shell of the high altar are carved with exquisite woodcut decorations made by woodcarver Gibbons. Gibbons' masterpieces of woodcarving can often be seen in other royal families and palaces and mansions. At the southern end of the high altar is the seat of the Bishop of London (the throne), and sometimes the Archbishop of Canterbury is also invited to the throne. Generally speaking, a cathedral is named after the bishop's throne.
North High Altar Aisle
The exquisite gilded wrought-iron gate of the North High Altar was designed by French metalwork master Jean Titre at the beginning of the 18th century. Most of the metal decorations of the cathedral were designed and made by him. There is also a statue of " Mother and Son " on display in the aisle of the North High Altar, from the famous sculptor Henry Moore. Henry Moore's tomb was also buried in the church underground palace for future generations to admire.
High Altar Category
The South High Altar effect also includes a statue of "The Virgin and Child", which was once part of the screen of the Victoria altar. There are also photographs of two London bishops on display in the South High Altar. The marble statue of John Donne, principal of St. John Donsh, one of Britain's most prominent priests, died in 1631. John Donne [2 ]'s marble statue is one of the few stone carvings that survived the London fire, and the details of the fire are still visible at the base of the statue.
Round apse
The round apse behind the high altar was once the seat of Our Middle Ages Church and is now the American Memorial Chapel. This part of the cathedral was blown up during airstrikes and rebuilt in the 1950s with funds from the British people to commemorate those American soldiers who died in the United Kingdom to defend their freedom during World War II. Behind the altar is the beautiful "American Register of Honor" - engraving the names of more than 28,000 Americans who died valiantly in Britain during World War II. Three temples of glass in the temple were made in 1960, with the title "Service and Dedication", and the sign next to the glass represents the United States and the U.S. military. There are also wood carvings that show the United States' success in space exploration.
Dome top tower
The ball and the cross were first invented in 1708 by Andrew Nibrit. In 1821, after a reorganization, a new field and cross were added. The sphere and cross are 36.8 meters high and weigh 7 tons. For security reasons, visitors are not allowed to enter.
The Golden Tunnel
The "Golden Corridor" is the smallest of all corridors. It is located at the highest point outside the dome, 85.4 meters above the ground, and can be reached by walking 570 steps. The "Golden Corridor" is a great place to enjoy the beautiful views of London.
Dome
The lower plan of St. The dome cathedral is 111.3 meters high and is the largest church in the world. The dome weighs 65,000 tons and is supported by 8 large columns. Inside the dome are paintings depicting the work of missionaries and believers, painted between 1864 and 1888. One gray and delicate oil painting inside the dome was painted by court artist Sir James Sanshier from 1715 to 1719, mainly depicting scenes from the life of Sao Paulo.
Stone cloister
The "Stone Corridor" is one of the two outdoor corridors above the "Whispering Corridor". The "Stone Corridor" is 53.4 meters from the first floor and can be reached in 378 steps. It is an outer passage outside the dome. During the construction of the dome and cloister, Renn had to be pulled by a gondola to check the progress of construction, at least once a week. When the dam was completed in 1708, Renn was 76 years old. He looked at himself The Son placed the last stone on the dome.
Gossiping Tunnel
Climbing 259 steps from the first floor of the cathedral is the "Whispering Corridor" inside the dome. It is said that talking about the wall on one side, can be heard from the other side by 32 meters, hence the name.
Reconstruction
ISt. Paul Cathedral has been built several times. The reconstructed building was built by British architect Sir Christopher Wren after a fire broke out in 1666. The project began in 1675 and was not completed until 1710. Sir Wren witnessed the end of the week at the age of 90. This cathedral is also the only major church in the world that was completed during the time of the builder. The formation of St. Paul's Cathedral was strongly influenced by the Church of St. The cathedral is in order. Its main structure consists of two cross-shaped structures with 152 lines and a width of 36 meters. With a large approved cross. The lower part of the dome higher than the cross-section is a two-story circular structure with a circle of long round pillars on the edge of the lower floor, and a circle of balconies surrounded by a high-rise stone fence. Standing here, you can enjoy a London view.
The main entrance to the main temple is to the west, and there is a passage made by pairs of long, round stone pillars in front of the entrance. On the wall of the herringbone in the upper part of the main door, there are patterns carved from the post of St. Paul to Damascus (now the capital of Syria). On the wall of the herringbone is a stone statue of St. At both ends of the front of the church building, there is a paired metal bar. On the tower board in the northwest corner, there is a collection of church bells; in a metal box on the southwest corner, there is a large copper iron weighing 17 tons. This is the largest copper mine in England. Every day at one o'clock in the morning, the church staff beat him for five minutes. This whole cathedral building is solidly built, well-built, and beautiful. It is a British classical art artist.
In St. Paul’s Cathedral, there is an arched hall supported by square stone pillars. Inside the hall are the priest’s pulpit and long wooden chairs. The windows are inlaid with stained glass, and there are huge oil paintings of Jesus, the Virgin, and believers on the four walls. There are various exquisite carvings on the ceiling. The hall has a strong religious color and artistic appeal. The carved woodwork of the choir seats, the exquisite ironwork on the temple gate, and the spiral staircase of the patriarch’s residence all reflect the high level of art and decoration technology of the year.
St. Paul's Cathedral has the largest basement in Europe, which contains the tomb of British Admiral Nelson. The tomb of General Wellington, who defeated Napoleon in Waterloo in 1815, is in the side room. The tomb of the cathedral designer Rennes is in the cellar. The epitaph reads: "If you are looking for his monument, please look around." There are some graves and monuments of princes and dignitaries in the basement.
There are also two chapels in the cathedral that store the Medieval Knights, the Knights of St. Michael and St. George, and the Order of the British Empire. There is also a memorial hall to commemorate the Americans who died in the United Kingdom during the Second World War.
St. Paul's Cathedral is the spiritual pillar of the British people and is regarded as the place where the phoenix flying in the flame rises again.
Building style
The architecture of St. Paul's Cathedral is unique. It not only inherits the traditional church architectural art but also breaks through the design of ordinary churches.
Hold a ceremony
Many important events were held in St. Paul’s Cathedral: the funerals of Nelson, Wellington, and Churchill; the diamond wedding ceremony of Queen Victoria, and the golden wedding ceremony of Queen Elizabeth II. Many exemplary figures from the past dynasties have been commemorated here, including political leaders, military leaders, architects, and scientific giants. Dean John wrote poems here, Martin Luther King preached here, and St. Paul’s College often held various debates here on topics related to business, ethics, and the environment. The British royal family held the most important weddings, baptisms, and funerals in Westminster Abbey, but the weddings of Prince Charles and Princess Diana were held in St. Paul’s Cathedral.
On April 8, 2013, the British "Iron Lady" and former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher passed away at the age of 87. His funeral will be held at St. Paul's Cathedral in London on April 17.
At 10 am local time on the 17th, Margaret Thatcher's coffin covered with Commonwealth flags departed from the Central Church of the Royal Air Force and St. Clement Danes Church, passed the British Parliament, central London, and finally reached St. Paul cathedral. Along the way, there were many people who said goodbye to Mrs. Thatcher. According to media statistics, 4,000 people gathered near St. Paul’s Cathedral alone.
Introduction to St. Paul's Cathedral
St. Paul's Cathedral is located at the corner of Newgate Street and Newchanji Street on the north bank of the Thames in London. This is a very prominent position in London. It is located in the Tower of London and Westminster Abbey. Westminster Abbey) is a representative of Baroque architecture, famous for its spectacular round roof. St. Paul’s Cathedral is a world-famous religious shrine and the second largest domed church in the world. It imitates the St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome and is a representative of British classicism. Its dome appears in the background of the BBC London screen every night. The same as Big Ben as a landmark in London, St Paul's Cathedral (St Paul's Cathedral) is the largest and most conspicuous church in London. St. Paul's Cathedral is a must-visit place for tourists. You can overlook the city of London from the sky and visit the tombs of great men. It is said that designer Rennes conceived the 35-year-old cathedral as an observatory connecting heaven and earth.
Travel information
subway
Take the Central Line to St. Paul's Station and walk for about 2 minutes.
Bus
Take buses 4, 11, 15, 23, 25, 26, 100, 242, and get off at the entrance of the cathedral.
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