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| Vietnam (Socialist Republic of Vietnam) |
State in Southeast Asia, on the Indochina Peninsula.
Territory - 329.6 thousand sq. km.
The population is over 53 million (1980 estimate), mostly Vietnamese (kin) - 84%.
The capital is Hanoi (2.6 million inhabitants).
The state language is Vietnamese.
The majority of believers are Buddhist.
As a result of the victory of the national people's democratic revolution on September 2, 1945, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) was proclaimed - the first state of the working people in Southeast Asia, based on the alliance of workers and peasants under the leadership of the Marxist-Leninist Party - the Party of Working People of Vietnam ( since December 1976 - the Communist Party of Vietnam).
For more than 8 years, the Vietnamese people were forced to defend their freedom from the encroachments of the French colonialists who were trying to restore the colonial order in Vietnam. As a result of selfless struggle, support and assistance from the socialist countries, solidarity of all progressive forces in the world, the Vietnamese people won a victory in the War of Resistance (1946-54). This success was reinforced by the 1954 Geneva Agreements.
In the liberated North Vietnam, in a short time, with the help of the USSR and other socialist countries, the national economy was restored, the first steps were taken towards the socialist reorganization of the country: the agrarian reform was completed and the peasantry cooperated, in 1959 the socialist constitution of the DRV was adopted. Since 1961, the DRV began to create the material and technical base of socialism. Together with the patriotic forces of the south of Vietnam, the DRV fought for the implementation of the Geneva agreements of 1954, which provided for the holding of free elections throughout the country with the aim of its reunification no later than 1956.
In 1955, the Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed on the territory of South Vietnam - a puppet state relying on economic and military assistance from the United States, which since 1954 began to openly interfere in Vietnam's affairs, trying to perpetuate the split of the country. From 1965 to January 1973, the US armed forces were directly involved in operations against the national forces. liberation in South Vietnam.
In 1964-68. and 1971-72. The United States carried out systematic bombing raids on the territory of a sovereign socialist state - the DRV.
A characteristic feature of the Vietnamese revolution in 1954-75. It was that one party - the Communist Party of Vietnam - exercised a unified leadership of the revolutionary process throughout the country, temporarily divided into two parts, and simultaneously carried out two different strategic tasks} building socialism - in the North and the implementation of the national people's democratic revolution - in the South.
Under the banner of the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF), created on 20, XII 1960 and led by the Workers' Party of Vietnam, the patriotic forces of South Vietnam waged a selfless armed struggle against the Saigon authorities and the American imperialists who supported them. In June 1969, it was decided to create the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (GRP RSV).
In 1968, as a result of the successes achieved by the Vietnamese people and the struggle against the aggressors, and widespread worldwide support for the struggle of the Vietnamese patriots, the United States was forced to agree to negotiations in Paris on a political settlement of the Vietnamese problem.
The USSR and other socialist countries provided Vietnam with effective assistance and persistently sought to eliminate the hotbed of war in Indochina. This principled and consistent line of the Soviet state is enshrined in the decisions of the 23rd and 24th CPSU Congresses, and in other party documents. The task of eliminating the hotbed of war in Indochina was proclaimed as one of the points of the Peace Program adopted by the 24th Congress of the CPSU. On January 27, 1973, an Agreement was signed in Paris to end the war and restore peace in Vietnam. All American and other foreign troops were withdrawn from Vietnamese soil.
The government of the DRV and the GRP of the RSV strictly complied with all the terms of the Paris Agreement of 1973. However, the Saigon regime with the support of Washington followed the path of violation of the agreement, armed provocations against the liberated regions and intensification of repression in the zone controlled by it. This sparked a new upswing in. Iional Liberation Movement. In the spring of 1975, as a result of offensive actions by patriotic forces and a popular uprising in South Vietnamese cities, the reactionary regime in Saigon was overthrown. 30.IV 1975, the entire territory of South Vietnam came under the control of the patriotic forces.
The victory of the Vietnamese people crowned their many years of heroic struggle against foreign invaders. At the same time, it was the result of the effective, militant solidarity of the socialist countries, great moral and political support from the progressive forces of the whole world.
On 25.IV 1976, the country held general elections to the National Assembly of a unified Vietnam. The 1st session of the National Assembly of the sixth convocation (24.VI - 2VII 1976) elected the governing bodies of the country and created a commission to draft a new constitution for a unified Vietnamese state. It was decided on a new name for the state - the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), the capital of SRV was proclaimed the city of Hanoi, the flag, coat of arms and anthem of SRV were approved by the flag, coat of arms (with a slight change) and the anthem of the DRV. Until a new constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is drawn up, the 1959 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam remains in force.
Vietnam maintains diplomatic relations with 105 states (by the beginning of 1980). Together with the fraternal socialist countries, it pursues an active foreign policy aimed at strengthening the peace and security of peoples. Supports the establishment of good-neighborly relations between the countries of Southeast Asia. Vietnam is also making an important contribution to the development of the movement of non-aligned states. In September 1977, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was admitted to the UN.
External imperialist and other reactionary forces are trying to hinder the development of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam along the path of peace and progress. The Peking hegemonists took the path of conducting a hostile policy against Vietnam, considering this country as one of the main obstacles to establishing their diktat in Southeast Asia. Before the overthrow of the bloody regime of Pol Pot - Ieng Sari in Kampuchea (January 1979), the Chinese hegemonists used the territory of this country and its armed forces to conduct military operations on the borders of Vietnam. Beijing severed economic ties with Vietnam, provoked the departure of thousands of people of Chinese origin from Vietnam in 1978, and carried out other acts of pressure and interference in the internal affairs of that country. On November 17, 1979, the Peking expansionists committed aggression against the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,
The USSR , other states of the socialist community, communist and workers' organizations of many countries of the world came out in defense of the fraternal country, with resolute condemnation of the military adventure of the Peking militarists . The USSR and other socialist countries rendered broad support and all-round assistance to the Vietnamese people in their struggle against the aggressor.
The people of Vietnam gave a fitting rebuff to the aggressors. The military adventure of the Chinese expansionists ended in failure. Demonstrating goodwill, the SRV government decided to enter into negotiations with representatives of China to discuss urgent measures to preserve peace and stability on the Vietnamese-Chinese border, as well as issues of restoring normal relations between the two countries. However, Beijing is not abandoning its aggressive plans. He rejects the constructive proposals of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, putting forward demands in response to force Vietnam to make concessions to Beijing's hegemonic intentions.
At the same time, the Chinese aggressors do not stop armed provocations against Vietnam, concentrating their troops on the border with Vietnam.
The supreme body of state power and the legislature is the unicameral National Assembly (NA), elected by the population for a 4-year term. The standing body is the Standing Committee of the National Assembly (chairman - Truong Tinh). The head of state is the President, elected by the National Assembly for a 4-year term; he is also the chairman of the National Defense Council. The acting president is Nguyen Huu Tho. Prime Minister - Pham Van Dong.
The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) is the guiding force of society. It was founded in 1930, until 1951 - the Communist Party of Indochina, in 1951-76 - the Workers' Party of Vietnam (PTV). On 14-20 December 1976, the IV Party Congress was held, which summed up the results of the 30-year struggle of the Vietnamese people for the independence and unity of the country and outlined plans for building socialism and further socialist transformations in a united Vietnam. The congress decided to rename the Workers' Party of Vietnam to the Communist Party of Vietnam. General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPV - Le Duan .. The CPV in its activities relies on the Fatherland Front of Vietnam, which unites all classes and social strata of the country, the Federation of Trade Unions of Vietnam, the Women's Union of Vietnam, the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, as well as the Democratic Party, the Socialist Party and other organizations.
By the end of 1975, the pre-war level of production in North Vietnam was restored. Despite the aggression of Beijing and the consequences of severe natural disasters, in the four years of the five-year plan (1976-1979) the sown area increased by 1.5 million hectares. During this period, the collection of food crops increased by 19.5%, electricity generation increased 2.5 times, the production of rolled steel - 3 times, machine-building products - by 60%.
In the south of the country with. In 1976, socialist transformations in the economy, measures to limit and oust exploiting elements, and the strengthening of the revolutionary order and legality were successfully carried out. The activity of the majority of industrial enterprises has been restored. enterprises. In agriculture, by 1980, about 600 production cooperatives were created. Approximately 20% of peasant families entered various forms of production associations.
In fulfilling the tasks of socialist construction, the CPV attaches great importance to the rational use of internal material and human resources with a steady improvement in economic management. At the same time, an important role is assigned to the development of foreign economic relations, primarily with the USSR and other countries of the socialist community. In June 1978, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was admitted to the CMEA member.
Opportunities for further deepening of friendship and comprehensive cooperation of the CPSU and the CPV, the Soviet Union and Vietnam opened a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between the USSR and Vietnam, signed in November 1978. At present, the Soviet Union in accordance with existing agreements, Vietnam provides technical assistance in the construction of a large number of enterprises and facilities, practically in all sectors of the national economy. A significant part of the assistance is directed to the development of agriculture.
By the end of 1976, traffic on the railway was opened. road "Unity", restored with the help of the CMEA member countries, which connects the north and south of the country (1,730 km). The modernization of seaports is underway.
The monetary unit is the dong. 100 dong = 30.6 rubles. (February 1980).
Vietnam maintains trade and economic relations with more than 60 countries. The main export items are products of the mining, coal and timber processing industries, agriculture and other industries, imports - machinery, industrial. equipment, vehicles, oil products, fertilizers, food, cotton.
The main trading partner is the USSR .
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