Original: Vinda said plagiarism is strictly prohibited As a heroic nomad on the Mongolian plateau, the Huns competed with the Han empire in the east for hundreds of years. They were finally defeated by the Eastern Han dynasty in 91 AD. The northern Huns moved westward and the southern Huns were annexed and disappeared from Asia. Nearly 300 years later, on the banks of the Volga in Europe, a cavalry called the Huns turned out to be a powerful empire. Under the leadership of the leader Attila the Great, they were brave enough to seize the Balkans, expedition to Gaul, surrounded Constantinople with soldiers, and pointed their swords at the city of Rome, which brought shame to the Romans and discouraged the Germans. But are they descendants of the Huns who left their homes in the Eastern Han Dynasty? We don't know, but there is no doubt that this Hun leader changed the fate of Europe.
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| Under the leadership of the leader Attila, the Hungarian cavalry established a powerful empire and changed the face of Europe. |
All the way to the west, Lien Zhan and Lianjie In the midsummer of 435 years, the Balkan Peninsula was as hot and drier as in previous years. After several weeks of long-distance driving, the missions of the Eastern Roman Empire were already exhausted. Their trip was made by the order of the Byzantine emperor Theodosius II to show their good wishes to the Huns’ monarch Lu Jia. Since the unification of the various tribes of the Huns under the iron fist of Emperor Lujia in 432 AD, this "barbarian" regime that has frightened the whole of Europe for many years has established absolute hegemony on the vast land north of the Danube. The Huns all the way to the west, Lien Chan and victory, invaded the Eastern Roman Empire, and established absolute hegemony in Central and Eastern Europe. They first perished the Kingdom of Aran in the Don River Basin; then they conquered the Eastern Gothic kingdom established by the Germans on the northern shore of the Black Sea to the west; then they continued to defeat the Visigothic kingdom to the west, and the German tribes in the north surrendered; Fort Delhi defeated the Roman emperor Valence and captured the Pannonian Plain. As a result, a large area of land from the Black Sea to the north of the Danube was all in the hands of the Huns. As the Huns continued to move south to plunder Thrace, the Byzantine Empire (also known as the Eastern Roman Empire) had to agree to pay annual tribute to the Huns and allow them to trade in several towns within its borders.
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| The Hungarian cavalry went all the way to the west, Lien Chan continued to win, and continued to expand the territory, eventually making the Eastern Roman Empire succumb. |
The rising tribute tax every year increased the burden of Byzantium, so King Siadosius II hoped that the tribute tax could be reduced. However, as soon as the negotiating team reached the border of the Hungarian Empire, news of the death of the Hungarian king came. About to greet them on the Great Morava River are Luke's heirs and his two nephews, one is called Belida and the other is called Attila.
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| The Hungarian Empire under Attila was strong and prosperous, and the Eastern Roman Empire had no choice but to "spend money and eliminate disasters." |
The two young Huns rode on horses to negotiate with the Romans, and the envoys of Byzantium had no choice but to ride on horses. The result of the meeting was an appeasement agreement that discredited the Eastern Roman Empire: Byzantium made concessions on the border issue of the empire, doubled the amount of gold paid to the Hungarians in previous years, and opened more towns to exchange markets with Hungarian merchants. , And paid a ransom of 8 gold coins for each captured Roman. The leader of the negotiation is 29-year-old Attila, who is composed, conceited, with torch-eyed eyes and a low voice. In the next 20 years, this dark-skinned Hungarian youth will change the history of Europe.
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| Portrait of Attila the Great of the Huns |
Born in troubled times, the debut is the peak
This is an era of great chaos in the world and a crowd of heroes, and it is doomed to such a story, which will surely link power with greed, ambition, and hegemony. Attila was born in 406 AD. When he was only 12 years old, he was sent to the Roman court as a hostage to the peace treaty. The Huns also acquired the Roman general Etius (later commanded the Roman army and successfully resisted Attila). Generals who move further west) in exchange. Attila, who grew up in Rome, received a good education from a young age. At the same time, he also learned the traditions, customs, and ways of thinking of the Romans, and was exposed to their luxurious lifestyle.
The Romans hoped that this move could transform Little Attila into the seeds of "spreading civilization" in the Hungarian territory, and increase Rome's influence on the surrounding peoples; while the Huns hoped to obtain more Roman from this "little spy". Inside information. While staying in Rome, Attila tried to escape but failed. So he began to focus on studying the internal structure of Rome and focused on the internal affairs and foreign policy of Rome. It can be said that everything Attila learned when he was a child greatly helped him rule the Hungarian Empire and conquer Rome.
In 435, the Romans satisfied the desires of the Huns through the tribute agreement. In the following five years, the Huns did not conduct a large-scale attack on the Byzantine Empire. Attila instead launched a series of raids on Southern Russia and the Sassanian Persian Empire. However, after Armenia was fired back by the Persian Empire, Attila gave up on conquering Sassanid Persia and set his sights on the wealthier Byzantium, forced Eastern Rome to pay more tribute taxes, and continued to intervene in the foreign affairs of the Western Roman Empire. . The rising tribute tax every year brought a heavy burden to the Byzantine Empire.
Attila declared war on Byzantium in 441 and looted the Balkans on the grounds of not fulfilling the treaty. In 443, he launched a large-scale offensive along the Danube River, and finally attacked the Byzantine capital Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey). Fort), although the East Roman defenders outside the city were wiped out, due to the lack of siege equipment, facing the huge walls of Constantinople for a long time, they had to be besieged for a long time. In the end, the Byzantine emperor Theodosius II surrendered and signed an alliance with Attila: agreed to compensate 6000 Roman pounds (about 1963 kg of gold) as punishment for breaking the contract, and the annual tribute increased three times, as for each captured The ransom paid by the Romans also increased to 12 gold coins. However, his brother Belinda died in the battle, so Attila became the only power in the Hungarian Empire.
The crown was angry as a beauty but died suddenly because of the beauty After taking sole control of the empire, Attila was full of ambition. As far as I can see, the expansion of the Hungarian Empire has already occupied most of Europe. To the south is the Byzantine Empire, which has been crushed several times. The Balkan Peninsula, which supports the economic lifeline of the empire, has become a "ranch" that Attila can plunder at any time. Going straight to the Baltic Sea, Attila set his sights on Western Europe. At this time, Western Europe was dominated by two powers: the Visigothic kingdom of Turus and the Western Roman Empire of Ravenna. Attila first formed an alliance with the Western Roman Empire to jointly deal with the Visigothic kingdom. Because Attila had a good relationship with Attila, the Duke of the Western Roman Empire (who was exchanged as a hostage to the Hungarian Empire when he was a child and had a deep friendship with Attila).
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| The Roman Empire was the center of European civilization. After its heyday, the Romans lived a luxurious lifestyle. |
The Romans hoped that this move could transform Little Attila into the seeds of "spreading civilization" in the Hungarian territory, and increase Rome's influence on the surrounding peoples; while the Huns hoped to obtain more Roman from this "little spy". Inside information. While staying in Rome, Attila tried to escape but failed. So he began to focus on studying the internal structure of Rome and focused on the internal affairs and foreign policy of Rome. It can be said that everything Attila learned when he was a child greatly helped him rule the Hungarian Empire and conquer Rome.
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| Facing the continuous intrusion of the Hungarian Empire, the Roman Empire had to satisfy the desires of the Hungarians through the tribute agreement. |
In 435, the Romans satisfied the desires of the Huns through the tribute agreement. In the following five years, the Huns did not conduct a large-scale attack on the Byzantine Empire. Attila instead launched a series of raids on Southern Russia and the Sassanian Persian Empire. However, after Armenia was fired back by the Persian Empire, Attila gave up on conquering Sassanid Persia and set his sights on the wealthier Byzantium, forced Eastern Rome to pay more tribute taxes, and continued to intervene in the foreign affairs of the Western Roman Empire. . The rising tribute tax every year brought a heavy burden to the Byzantine Empire.
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| The Huns ransacked the Balkans, and they approached the city of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. |
Attila declared war on Byzantium in 441 and looted the Balkans on the grounds of not fulfilling the treaty. In 443, he launched a large-scale offensive along the Danube River, and finally attacked the Byzantine capital Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey). Fort), although the East Roman defenders outside the city were wiped out, due to the lack of siege equipment, facing the huge walls of Constantinople for a long time, they had to be besieged for a long time. In the end, the Byzantine emperor Theodosius II surrendered and signed an alliance with Attila: agreed to compensate 6000 Roman pounds (about 1963 kg of gold) as punishment for breaking the contract, and the annual tribute increased three times, as for each captured The ransom paid by the Romans also increased to 12 gold coins. However, his brother Belinda died in the battle, so Attila became the only power in the Hungarian Empire.
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| The Roman Empire army was vulnerable to the Huns' cavalry. Relying on excellent mobility and tactics, Attila was invincible. . |
The crown was angry as a beauty but died suddenly because of the beauty After taking sole control of the empire, Attila was full of ambition. As far as I can see, the expansion of the Hungarian Empire has already occupied most of Europe. To the south is the Byzantine Empire, which has been crushed several times. The Balkan Peninsula, which supports the economic lifeline of the empire, has become a "ranch" that Attila can plunder at any time. Going straight to the Baltic Sea, Attila set his sights on Western Europe. At this time, Western Europe was dominated by two powers: the Visigothic kingdom of Turus and the Western Roman Empire of Ravenna. Attila first formed an alliance with the Western Roman Empire to jointly deal with the Visigothic kingdom. Because Attila had a good relationship with Attila, the Duke of the Western Roman Empire (who was exchanged as a hostage to the Hungarian Empire when he was a child and had a deep friendship with Attila).
But the friendly relationship eventually ended with the Roman princess Honoria. Honoria was the sister of the Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III at the time. She evaded the marriage contract and proposed to Attila. As the saying goes, “men chase women across the mountain, women chase men’s compartment yarn.” Faced with Honoria’s marriage proposal, Attila, who had been educated in Rome since he was a child, agreed, but at the same time he asked for half of the Western Roman Empire. Governance as a dowry. This made Valentinian III very annoyed. There is no reason to "compensate for the wife and the country", so he affirmed that he rejected Attila. Facing the rudeness of the "maiden family", and in order to extend the empire beyond Gaul to the Atlantic coast, and at the same time, when the Frankish kingdom under the Hungarian Empire broke out for the throne, the army assembled to attack the Western Roman Empire. Gaul territory under.
Attila’s army is drawn from the Alan, Saxon, East Goths, Hruli and other ethnic groups who surrendered to the Hungarian Empire. Together with the Hungarian cavalry under his leadership, it belongs to a mixed army. Up to 500,000. At the same time, the chief general of the Western Roman Empire was his close friend Aetius. In addition to the native Romans, the Western Roman army faced off with Visigoths, Celts, Franks and Burgundians. In 451 AD, Attila, who was advancing all the way west, fought the famous Battle of Chalons with the Roman and Visigothic forces led by Aetius in the Orléans area (now Charon-Champagne Springs, France). The tragic battle finally ended with the victory of the Western Roman Empire, but the Visigoth king Theodoric died in battle, and Aetius was also dismissed because of his merits. The Battle of Sharon is considered to be one of the greatest battles affecting European history. The victory of Aetius successfully prevented the demise of the Western Roman Empire and the demise of Christianity.
Although the Battle of Sharon won the Western Roman Empire, the Visigoth king Theodoric was killed and Aetius was dismissed. After the Battle of Chalon, Attila left Gaul and aimed at Italy. In order to renew the marriage to the Roman princess, in 452 AD, Attila led the Hungarian army across the Alps, invaded the core of the Western Roman Empire-the mainland of Italy, and completely destroyed the military town of Yaqili in northeastern Italy. Permanently disappear from the map. The Western Roman emperor Valentinian III was frightened and fled from Ravenna to the old capital of Rome, and appointed Pope Leo I, Chief Senator Avinus, and Guards Commander Trigegius, etc. at that time in Western Rome. The most prominent people of the empire formed a council and envoy to meet Attila, and only Aetius remained in northern Italy.
Attila withdrew his troops after receiving the Honoria marriage contract promised by the Western Roman Empire. However, Attila never set foot in the Roman Empire again. A year later, Attila died suddenly. It is rumored that he was found to have died of a ruptured artery on the second day of marrying the German princess Idico, causing blood to flow back and suffocate. And die. Attila never appointed an heir, so the Hungarian empire, which had ruled the roost for a time, lost its powerful authority and was on the verge of collapse. The internal factions attacked each other over the succession of the empire, and the foreign races under their jurisdiction also took the opportunity to resist. Eventually, the Hungarian empire was defeated by the Vandals and completely disintegrated, and began to fade out of European history. Schematic diagram of the territories of the Hungarian Empire The whip of God, a legend spread in the arena After Attila’s death, the Hungarian Empire has torn apart from the Aral Sea in the east and the Atlantic coast in the west; from the Danube in the south to the Baltic Sea in the north. In Roman historical materials, the name of Bolgar State was used instead. As a nomadic conqueror who struck from the Eurasian steppe, Attila crushed the civilization and order of Western Europe and drove Europe into the Middle Ages when people's livelihoods were declining and small countries were separatist. In the small climatic kingdoms north of the Alps, sparsely populated villages are scattered on the Gaul land, and only Christianity can loosely gather the broken hearts of people. The fame of the conquerors of Attila made many kings in the Middle Ages claim to be descendants of Attila. The picture shows the Attila family map. (Can be zoomed in) Entering the Western European countries in the Dark Middle Ages, pedigree theory is rampant, and rulers will often boast that their ancestors were some powerful conquerors. As a result, Attila's sweep of Europe has been legendary and preserved, along with his blood, and fearfully attached the name "God's Whip".
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| The Hungarian Empire VS the Western Roman Empire and the Visigothic coalition forces ended in a tragic victory of the Western Roman Empire and successfully prevented the fall of the Western Roman Empire. |
Attila’s army is drawn from the Alan, Saxon, East Goths, Hruli and other ethnic groups who surrendered to the Hungarian Empire. Together with the Hungarian cavalry under his leadership, it belongs to a mixed army. Up to 500,000. At the same time, the chief general of the Western Roman Empire was his close friend Aetius. In addition to the native Romans, the Western Roman army faced off with Visigoths, Celts, Franks and Burgundians. In 451 AD, Attila, who was advancing all the way west, fought the famous Battle of Chalons with the Roman and Visigothic forces led by Aetius in the Orléans area (now Charon-Champagne Springs, France). The tragic battle finally ended with the victory of the Western Roman Empire, but the Visigoth king Theodoric died in battle, and Aetius was also dismissed because of his merits. The Battle of Sharon is considered to be one of the greatest battles affecting European history. The victory of Aetius successfully prevented the demise of the Western Roman Empire and the demise of Christianity.
Although the Battle of Sharon won the Western Roman Empire, the Visigoth king Theodoric was killed and Aetius was dismissed. After the Battle of Chalon, Attila left Gaul and aimed at Italy. In order to renew the marriage to the Roman princess, in 452 AD, Attila led the Hungarian army across the Alps, invaded the core of the Western Roman Empire-the mainland of Italy, and completely destroyed the military town of Yaqili in northeastern Italy. Permanently disappear from the map. The Western Roman emperor Valentinian III was frightened and fled from Ravenna to the old capital of Rome, and appointed Pope Leo I, Chief Senator Avinus, and Guards Commander Trigegius, etc. at that time in Western Rome. The most prominent people of the empire formed a council and envoy to meet Attila, and only Aetius remained in northern Italy.
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| After the Battle of Sharon, Attila invaded Italy, and the city of Rome was shrouded under the peak of soldiers. |
Attila withdrew his troops after receiving the Honoria marriage contract promised by the Western Roman Empire. However, Attila never set foot in the Roman Empire again. A year later, Attila died suddenly. It is rumored that he was found to have died of a ruptured artery on the second day of marrying the German princess Idico, causing blood to flow back and suffocate. And die. Attila never appointed an heir, so the Hungarian empire, which had ruled the roost for a time, lost its powerful authority and was on the verge of collapse. The internal factions attacked each other over the succession of the empire, and the foreign races under their jurisdiction also took the opportunity to resist. Eventually, the Hungarian empire was defeated by the Vandals and completely disintegrated, and began to fade out of European history. Schematic diagram of the territories of the Hungarian Empire The whip of God, a legend spread in the arena After Attila’s death, the Hungarian Empire has torn apart from the Aral Sea in the east and the Atlantic coast in the west; from the Danube in the south to the Baltic Sea in the north. In Roman historical materials, the name of Bolgar State was used instead. As a nomadic conqueror who struck from the Eurasian steppe, Attila crushed the civilization and order of Western Europe and drove Europe into the Middle Ages when people's livelihoods were declining and small countries were separatist. In the small climatic kingdoms north of the Alps, sparsely populated villages are scattered on the Gaul land, and only Christianity can loosely gather the broken hearts of people. The fame of the conquerors of Attila made many kings in the Middle Ages claim to be descendants of Attila. The picture shows the Attila family map. (Can be zoomed in) Entering the Western European countries in the Dark Middle Ages, pedigree theory is rampant, and rulers will often boast that their ancestors were some powerful conquerors. As a result, Attila's sweep of Europe has been legendary and preserved, along with his blood, and fearfully attached the name "God's Whip".
