As we all know, China is the earliest ancient civilization in the world, and "one" should be added at the end. If it started from the Xia Dynasty when the state was established, it was about 4000 years ago, and from the Shang Dynasty when the earliest written oracle bone inscriptions were discovered, it was 3,500 years ago. However, civilization and war are closely connected. The Sumerian cities, the establishment of the Jewish nation, and the decline and fall of the pyramids all show that the ancient land has long been full of smoke and wars.
The civilization of the Pyramid nation Archaeologists have discovered that the earliest civilized country in the world should be regarded as the Sumerian dynasty in the Mesopotamia 6000 years ago. This dynasty has cuneiform writing, bronze weapons, and the earliest written code in the world known so far-"Ulnum Code". In addition, the city appeared. Although the city wall was made of mud bricks, it also had a certain defensive effect. It is not difficult to imagine that the Sumerians should have a powerful army to maintain their rule. However, this civilization was soon annihilated in the long river of history. It was not until nearly 2,000 years after the demise of this civilization that there was no comparison in the world. Its advanced civilization. Now we can only get close to modern archaeology in order to appreciate this glorious period in human history. The Sumerian civilization is not the only one that is submerged, and the descendants who built the pyramids are also out of touch with history. The ancient Egyptian civilization is a splendid flower of the world civilization after the Sumerian civilization. Nearly 5100 years ago (3100 BC), the ancient Egyptians established the first dynasty of the Egyptian Kingdom on the banks of the Nile. During the 4th and 5th dynasties about 4500 years ago, a series of imperial mausoleums-pyramids were also built. Among them, the Pyramid of Khufu was 146 meters high. It was the tallest in the world until the Eiffel Tower in Paris was built in 1889. building. The ancient Egyptians could have such a level of design and construction, even today's architects find it incredible. It is estimated that to build such a building without machine power, at least 200,000 laborers will need to work continuously for 10 years. The manpower and material resources of the ancient Egyptian dynasty and the superb construction level are amazing. Ancient Egypt was a typical slavery country. Most of the labor needed were slaves captured and captured in foreign wars, which required a professional army. When building the pyramids, the 5th Dynasty established an army and a navy, which is the earliest recorded navy in the world. The pharaohs who were keen to build tombs frequently used troops to obtain better building materials. The cedar trees in West Asia to the north of Egypt are the best wood for making coffins. The ancient Egyptian naval fleet moved eastward and northward repeatedly. Once, a fleet of 40 ships was dispatched to West Asia to capture the local cedar trees. Egypt’s earliest army was pure infantry. Soldiers were recruited from the warrior class and free civilians (ancient Egypt had a caste system, divided into 7 levels). The slaves were naturally not qualified to serve as soldiers. The army was commanded by the pharaoh or prince. official. The Egyptian treasury paid the soldiers food as military salaries, and weapons and equipment such as spears and shields were allotted by the state. In the beginning, most of these armies were recruited during the slack time in the farming. Soldiers had to work in the fields when the farming was busy. Only about 10,000 of the Pharaoh's guard were full-time professional soldiers. In the Ancient Kingdom era, Egypt mainly relied on donkeys and oxen to pull carts. These slow-moving vehicles could only transport goods, and the infantry used knives, spears, and bows to fight. When the naval fleet went into battle, it used its own ships to use the collision method when encountering hostile ships. This method of naval warfare was later used by Persia and Greece. |
| In 1274 BC, the scene of the battle between ancient Egypt and the Western Empire at Kadeshi |
The rich land and farming civilization of the Nile River basin have made art, architecture, poetry and other aspects extremely developed, but it is difficult to nourish the martial arts tradition, and the style of enjoyment has become more and more intense. Because of superstition, the Pharaoh will live longer after his death, so he has to build "face projects" and "enjoy projects" (for enjoyment in the underworld) such as pyramids. The samurai class does not pay attention to martial arts, and heavy hard work has caused many slaves to flee. According to legend, the Israeli tribe (the earliest Jews) who had worked in Egypt for 400 years, under the leadership of Moses, left Egypt in 1450 BC and began a mass escape. These "turning serfs" got rid of the chasing soldiers, and after arduous trek to reach the area of Palestine today, and established the earliest state of Israel.
Battle of Kadeite
In 1400 B.C., Egypt had a population of 4.2 million, which was probably the most populous country in the world at that time (the population of the Shang Dynasty in China was estimated to be less than this number at the time), but fewer and fewer people were willing to serve as soldiers, so a large number of foreign mercenaries were recruited. Most of them came from what is now Libya and the black areas of the upper reaches of the Nile. These people fought to make money and naturally did not want to fight desperately. This made Egypt once rich but did not have a strong fighting power.
In the 14th century BC, that is 3400 years ago, when the Egyptian pharaohs were content to enjoy themselves, the West Taiwanese from northern Asia Minor rose up and continued to expand outward, conquering today’s Syria and Palestine, and conquering Babylon. The capital of the empire has become Egypt's biggest confidant. In order to expand their territories, the two military powers of Egypt and West Taiwan have engaged in military contests that lasted for decades. The outstanding contribution of Xitai and Egypt in the history of war in the Cold Weapon Era was the earliest use of the chariot era. Since then, mankind has entered the era of vehicle warfare from land warfare.
The prerequisite for car warfare is to have horses, vehicles and horse training techniques, as well as corresponding carpentry techniques and tanning techniques. The Egyptians adopted a short-handed combat method of two tanks. At the same time, they improved the tank and created the so-called "U-shaped joint." The place is mobile and can absorb a lot of impact. They also moved the axles and wheels from the center of the tank to the rear of the tank. The axle is about 1 meter long and has a certain distance from the center of the tank, so that it can achieve better balance, speed, and maneuverability. The frame of the chariot is made of ash or elm by steam bending. The driver’s seat is about 0.9 meters wide, 0.5 meters deep, and 0.6 meters high. It is covered with animal skins or reeds. The bottom layer of the driver’s seat is leather or special. Made of woven fabric, it can help the shooter maintain balance and absorb impact. The Egyptians also replaced the four-spoke wheels of Hyksos with six-spoke wheels. The seemingly simple changes made the wheels better adapt to the vibration of the skeleton at a speed of about 20 kilometers per hour and different terrain.
At this time, compared with the lightness and agility of the Egyptian two-man chariot, the Xitai chariot looked cumbersome and slow. Xitai’s tank axle is positioned in the center of the load-bearing platform, which will reduce speed and stability, but it can carry more passengers and the tank appears taller and mightier. The Egyptians and the West Taiwanese raised and perfected their chariots respectively, making them deadly weapons. Years later, a decisive battle broke out between the two great nations of chariots.
In 1285 BC, King Ramses II of Egypt personally led 4 legions, more than 20,000 men, and more than 2,000 chariots on an expedition. King Mowatalis of the West Taiwan also assembled a multi-ethnic force of more than 20,000 people, with more than 3,000 double-horse chariots, to fight. The two sides fought for the main base and military fortress of West Taiwan in Syria, Kadeite on the Orient River. This was the famous Battle of Kadeite. The Battle of Kadesh is one of the earliest battles of military vehicles recorded in ancient military history.
The way the two sides fight is to shoot arrows in an array of archers to cover the attack or retreat of the chariots. Seeing this formation, you will feel that the battle of the tank group in World War II is similar to it, but it uses artillery attack instead of slashing and firing bows and arrows.
The Egyptian tank lineup consists of three men. The coachman drives the horse. The archer must skillfully shoot bows and arrows in the car. The infantry runs on both sides of the tank to attack and defend. When attacking, he will drag the opposing warrior. Get out of the car and slaughter, which is much like the coordinated battle of the tanks in World War II.
The battle in the warship is based on vortex combat. Lines of tanks will attack one after another, but they have no real contact. The goal is to let the archer in each vehicle take down the archer of the other tank or the coachman. And horses. When they pass by each other, which means they meet on the way in military terms, they will turn around and whirl around each other, sometimes not facing the same target. When two Egyptian chariots were fighting, the infantry had to run, which restrained its forward speed and distance. As a defender, the infantry would definitely be exhausted, but the Xitai chariot perfectly solved this problem.
Xitai people used the chariot for the first time in the history of war Through the training of horses, the people of Xitai found that they could be put on leather armor, and then pulled the light chariot. The three chariots of Xitai could make the coachman, archer, and infantry fight together. The samurai standing in the vehicle can kill the enemy with weapons in his hand, especially the impact speed of the horse-drawn chariot is much faster than the march of the infantry. The imposing momentum and impact of the chariot can form a powerful shock and blow to the infantry battle formation. Some Western historians believe that in the previous war, Xitai captured a military horse trainer and trained the horse to be stronger, able to pull a heavier load, and increase the endurance of the horse. This tremendous progress will allow mankind to make brand-new tanks and formulate brand-new combat methods. It can be said that this horse trainer has changed the future of tank warfare. After the confrontation between the two sides began, the Xitai chariot had the advantage in numbers. Although the three-man chariot was heavier than the Egyptian chariot, it had stronger attack power. The chariot driver and the archer cooperated with each other and rushed to the Egyptian Pharaoh’s barracks in one fell swoop. middle. Ramses II, who was trapped in a heavy siege, threw from the left to the right under the cover of the guards and was almost in desperation. At the juncture of life and death, the Egyptian king suddenly remembered that he had tamed a group of protective lions and carried them in a cage during the expedition, so he released them to fight. When the horses of the Xitai chariot saw the lion rushing over, they turned their heads and fled. Ramses II took the opportunity to break through and survived. In the battle of Kadeshi, when the horse-drawn carriage, the chariot, and the soldiers confronted each other, the animal battle appeared again. This is the spectacle of the cold weapon confrontation. However, lions are far less domesticated than horses. The Egyptian pharaohs relying on lions to help breakthrough is only a special case in war. The Western Taiwan Army defeated the Egyptian army with the advantage of the chariot and pursued the victory, but encountered a line of archers already lined up by the opponent. These archers played a key role in covering the retreat, firing an intensive rain of arrows when the enemy's swarming tanks rushed in, causing the Xitai people to stop pursuing with heavy casualties. Later, Ramses II, who commanded the Egyptian army, retreated south and threw the vast area around Damascus to the West Taiwanese. The Xitai people were considered the victors in the biggest car battle in the history of human ancient wars, but the casualties were high and it was difficult to expand the results. This campaign proved that the role of chariots has surpassed that of infantry and has become the main assault force, but the coordination of archers and infantry is still needed, and it is difficult to win the battle with a single arm. After the Kadeite War, there was a small-scale war between Egypt and West Taiwan for 16 years. Although the West Taiwan Army has a strong combat power, it is in a situation of being attacked on three sides. The domestic economic level is relatively weak. Facing Egypt, which is fighting steadily and building a castle for protracted warfare, it is unwilling to continue to consume it. In 1269 BC, Xitai concluded a peace treaty with Egypt. This treaty is the earliest recorded international military treaty document in history. The treaty stipulates that the two parties shall achieve permanent peace and maintain "a beautiful peace and a beautiful brotherly relationship." Both parties promise not to accept each other's fugitives and have the obligation to extradite fugitives. After the signing of the treaty, King Xitai married his eldest daughter to King Ramses II of Egypt as his wife and consolidated the peaceful relationship between the two parties through political marriage. In ancient times, countries reached a deadlock and negotiated peace, adopting the "peaceful" method of marrying a princess, which can be described as a principle between China and foreign countries, and a common law in the military and diplomatic struggles of human society. After Egypt and the two kingdoms of Xitai signed the first peace treaty that left a complete written record of mankind, both sides declined. Before the conclusion of the treaty, a group of Ilrians from Europe had invaded the western part of Taipei from the Bosphorus (Turkish Strait) and gradually expanded their sphere of influence. The subordinate countries of Asia Minor and Syria also rebelled. Xitai, which relied on military dominance, lost large areas of territory step by step and was destroyed by the emerging Assyrian Empire in the 8th century BC.
Xitai people used the chariot for the first time in the history of war Through the training of horses, the people of Xitai found that they could be put on leather armor, and then pulled the light chariot. The three chariots of Xitai could make the coachman, archer, and infantry fight together. The samurai standing in the vehicle can kill the enemy with weapons in his hand, especially the impact speed of the horse-drawn chariot is much faster than the march of the infantry. The imposing momentum and impact of the chariot can form a powerful shock and blow to the infantry battle formation. Some Western historians believe that in the previous war, Xitai captured a military horse trainer and trained the horse to be stronger, able to pull a heavier load, and increase the endurance of the horse. This tremendous progress will allow mankind to make brand-new tanks and formulate brand-new combat methods. It can be said that this horse trainer has changed the future of tank warfare. After the confrontation between the two sides began, the Xitai chariot had the advantage in numbers. Although the three-man chariot was heavier than the Egyptian chariot, it had stronger attack power. The chariot driver and the archer cooperated with each other and rushed to the Egyptian Pharaoh’s barracks in one fell swoop. middle. Ramses II, who was trapped in a heavy siege, threw from the left to the right under the cover of the guards and was almost in desperation. At the juncture of life and death, the Egyptian king suddenly remembered that he had tamed a group of protective lions and carried them in a cage during the expedition, so he released them to fight. When the horses of the Xitai chariot saw the lion rushing over, they turned their heads and fled. Ramses II took the opportunity to break through and survived. In the battle of Kadeshi, when the horse-drawn carriage, the chariot, and the soldiers confronted each other, the animal battle appeared again. This is the spectacle of the cold weapon confrontation. However, lions are far less domesticated than horses. The Egyptian pharaohs relying on lions to help breakthrough is only a special case in war. The Western Taiwan Army defeated the Egyptian army with the advantage of the chariot and pursued the victory, but encountered a line of archers already lined up by the opponent. These archers played a key role in covering the retreat, firing an intensive rain of arrows when the enemy's swarming tanks rushed in, causing the Xitai people to stop pursuing with heavy casualties. Later, Ramses II, who commanded the Egyptian army, retreated south and threw the vast area around Damascus to the West Taiwanese. The Xitai people were considered the victors in the biggest car battle in the history of human ancient wars, but the casualties were high and it was difficult to expand the results. This campaign proved that the role of chariots has surpassed that of infantry and has become the main assault force, but the coordination of archers and infantry is still needed, and it is difficult to win the battle with a single arm. After the Kadeite War, there was a small-scale war between Egypt and West Taiwan for 16 years. Although the West Taiwan Army has a strong combat power, it is in a situation of being attacked on three sides. The domestic economic level is relatively weak. Facing Egypt, which is fighting steadily and building a castle for protracted warfare, it is unwilling to continue to consume it. In 1269 BC, Xitai concluded a peace treaty with Egypt. This treaty is the earliest recorded international military treaty document in history. The treaty stipulates that the two parties shall achieve permanent peace and maintain "a beautiful peace and a beautiful brotherly relationship." Both parties promise not to accept each other's fugitives and have the obligation to extradite fugitives. After the signing of the treaty, King Xitai married his eldest daughter to King Ramses II of Egypt as his wife and consolidated the peaceful relationship between the two parties through political marriage. In ancient times, countries reached a deadlock and negotiated peace, adopting the "peaceful" method of marrying a princess, which can be described as a principle between China and foreign countries, and a common law in the military and diplomatic struggles of human society. After Egypt and the two kingdoms of Xitai signed the first peace treaty that left a complete written record of mankind, both sides declined. Before the conclusion of the treaty, a group of Ilrians from Europe had invaded the western part of Taipei from the Bosphorus (Turkish Strait) and gradually expanded their sphere of influence. The subordinate countries of Asia Minor and Syria also rebelled. Xitai, which relied on military dominance, lost large areas of territory step by step and was destroyed by the emerging Assyrian Empire in the 8th century BC.
