Cartilage wear, ligament rupture, and meniscus tear are all common sports injuries, most of which are caused by poor exercise habits and irregular training.
In recent years, the national fitness enthusiasm has been high. Data from the National Bureau of Statistics shows that in 2020, 37.2% of the national population aged 7 and above regularly participate in physical exercise.
After the Beijing Winter Olympics, the masses are more motivated to participate in sports, but sports medicine experts have repeatedly been reminded us to pay attention to the prevention of sports injuries.
While my country's sports population is growing, the number of people with sports injuries is also increasing. "The number of outpatients and surgeries in our department is increasing every year, and the surgeries this year have increased a lot compared with the same period last year." Yu Jiakuo, director of Peking University Institute of Sports Medicine and director of Sports Medicine Knee Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital Say.
The important reason for sports injuries is that people's awareness of sports protection and sports ability generally cannot keep up with their enthusiasm for sports. Many sports injuries have occurred before they are aware of it, and they are already serious when they go to the doctor.
In addition, the inclusion of physical examinations in the middle school entrance examination has made physical exercise more important for young people and children. However, due to inappropriate exercise methods such as assault training, more and more primary and secondary school students have sports injuries.
△ Yu Jiakuo (left) and colleagues study joint repair.
neglected sports injuries
Some people start to feel pain in their knees after running for a period of time, and they go to the hospital to find out that their meniscus is damaged; some people like to play football, and they sprain their feet and cause ligament ruptures... In reality, sports injuries are very common, but as long as no fractures occur or Other serious injuries, many people will ignore them.
"It's a good thing to go from not exercising to attaching importance to exercise itself, but if you lack professional sports knowledge, the problem will come." Yu Jiakuo said.
According to the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline, by 2030, the number of people who regularly participate in physical exercise will reach 530 million. Sports medicine experts estimate that the number of people with sports injuries every year will reach more than 100 million.
Yu Jiakuo pointed out that cartilage wear, ligament rupture, and meniscus tear are all common sports injuries, most of which are caused by poor exercise habits and irregular training.
He found that many people are participating in sports blindly. For example, the marathon was very popular in the past few years. Marathon events were held in many places, and a large number of people participated in the marathon activities. Many people had problems such as knee water accumulation and cartilage damage. In recent years, skiing has become popular, and many people have fallen and bruised, causing soft tissue injuries, ligament ruptures, and even fractures.
Most sports institutions only focus on sports skills, do not conduct physical assessments of people participating in sports activities, and lack the popularization of sports injury prevention knowledge. This leads to a great increase in the probability of sports injuries and more serious injuries.
"Some people don't do warm-up before exercise and relaxation and recovery after exercise. This is also a bad exercise habit." Yu Jiakuo told the reporter of "Minsheng Weekly" that professional athletes will seriously do pre-training preparations and training. After the recovery, carry out years of high-intensity training.
Assault training is also prone to sports injuries. Before and after the physical education entrance examination, Yu Jiakuo's sports medicine clinic will welcome a large number of students, mostly because of sports injuries caused by the assault training before the examination. For example, in 800-meter, 1000-meter running, rope skipping, and other events, students usually only focus on studying and have no time to practice. When the exam is approaching, they start to worry and increase the amount of exercise in a short period of time, resulting in knee water accumulation or muscle and ligament strain. Many people therefore Unable to take the exam.
Early detection, early diagnosis, and treatment
Ice compress, patch plaster, spray some anti-swelling medicine... This is a common "healing" method. Many people are unaware of sports injuries during physical exercise. Even if they find themselves injured, they will not seek medical attention in time, thinking that they will pass by forbearance.
"After a sports injury occurs, early detection, early diagnosis, early diagnosis, early treatment, and early recovery are the most important things, otherwise it will cause some complications or further damage." Yu Jiakuo emphasized.
For example, if the cartilage wears out without treatment, but continues to perform inappropriate exercises, it will wear out at a faster and faster rate, even to the extent that surgery is required. The continuous aggravating cartilage wear and tear all year round will aggravate the osseous joints of the knee. End-stage osteoarthritis may require knee replacement. Conversely, if the knee joint hurts, go to the doctor, adjust the way of exercise, and carry out active rehabilitation exercises according to the doctor's order. It may be possible to recover without even taking medicine.
But many people with sports injuries are also confused and don't know who to look for. "For example, for ligament ruptures, many patients do not know to seek medical treatment from a sports medicine doctor." Yu Jiakuo said. In his view, with the vigorous development of mass sports, the existing sports medicine doctors are not enough, and more efforts should be made to cultivate them. At the same time, efforts should also be made in the diagnosis and treatment of artificial intelligence in sports injuries.
In recent years, Yu Jiakuo has led a team to develop software for the artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament rupture. diagnosis.
The customized 3D printing artificial joint for total knee replacement developed by Yu Jiakuo and his team appeared at this year's China International Service Trade Fair as the result of industry-university-research transformation. This is the application of 3D printing technology to produce artificial knee joints and surgical guides that highly match the needs of patients according to their individual knee joint conditions, so as to complete personalized minimally invasive total knee replacement surgery for patients.
"The development of new engineering and intelligent manufacturing will drive the development of new medicine. We can't keep using the old-fashioned diagnosis and treatment methods, but create a new personalized and intelligent joint surgery model." Yu Jiakuo said.
exercise correctly
In fact, compared to the treatment of sports injuries, it is more important to exercise correctly to prevent sports injuries.
"Everyone should choose a suitable exercise according to their physical conditions and interests. Some people can do the same exercise, and some people can't." Yu Jiakuo said. For example, short people generally do not choose to play basketball. Because he does not have an advantage in the process of playing, he is easily knocked down, and it will be more difficult to get the ball, so some of his movements are easily deformed and more likely to cause sports injuries.
He suggested that after choosing a sport, people should fully understand the sport through various channels, and be prepared for knowledge and sports. If the muscle strength is not enough, you can train the muscle strength for a period of time before participating in the exercise of your choice. After choosing your favorite sport, you must also understand the warm-up and post-exercise recovery required for the sport, and learn how to protect yourself in the event of an accident during exercise, so as to reduce the occurrence of sports injuries.
In addition, some sports also require proper sports equipment, because sports equipment can prevent many unnecessary sports injuries. For example, running, the hardness of shoes, the elasticity of the soles, etc. will affect the effect of exercise and the occurrence of injuries. Wearing inappropriate shoes for exercise may lead to footwear, ligament strain, and abnormal stress on the ankle joint, which in turn can be transmitted to the knee, causing adverse effects on the knee joint.
Before choosing a long-term, high-intensity exercise program, you can also consult a sports medicine specialist. It is understood that at present, some hospitals in China have set up sports prescription diagnosis and treatment services to evaluate sports and give sports suggestions. Yu Jiakuo hopes that under the upsurge of national fitness, exercise prescriptions can be promoted as soon as possible, so that more people can exercise scientifically and correctly, and at the same time avoid sports injuries to the greatest extent.
