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| Francis Aston |
Francis Aston
Because " With his own invention, the mass spectrometer found a large number of non-radioactive isotopes, as well as clarify the integer rule ", he was awarded the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- Francis William Aston
- Date of birth September 1, 1877
- Date of death November 20, 1945
- Graduated school-university of Birmingham
- Honor Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Life
Francis William Aston September 1877 1 was born in Britain in Birmingham. In 1894, he began his university life at Mason College (later merged into the University of Birmingham ), studying physics under John Henry Poynting, and chemistry under Frankland and William Tilden. Since 1896, he has also conducted organic chemistry research in his father's private laboratory. In 1898, he was sponsored by Foster Scholarship and became a student of Frankland, mainly studying the optical properties of tartaric acid compounds. Beginning in 1900, he studied fermentation at the Brewing School in Birmingham and was hired by the W. Butler Brewery until he returned to the University of Birmingham in 1903 as an assistant researcher at Poynting.
In 1909, Aston became a Birmingham University lecturer. A year later, at the invitation of JJ Thomson, he transferred to the Cavendish Laboratory of the University of Cambridge. After the outbreak of the First World War, his research was interrupted and he was enlisted to serve in the Royal Air Force. After the war, he returned to Cavendish Lab.
In 1920, Aston became a Fellow of Trinity College, University of Cambridge, and has been living in Cambridge ever since. In 1921, Aston was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and the following year he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society.
November 20, 1945, Aston in the UK Cambridge died.
Research contribution
In 1903, Aston studied the Crooks dark zone in the discharge tube at the University of Birmingham, and soon discovered the "Aston dark zone phenomenon". When Aston joined the Cavendish Laboratory, Thomson had already achieved significant results in cathode ray research, turning to research on anode rays discovered by Eugen Goldstein. Thomson and Aston used a method invented by William Wien to deflect the particles of anode rays through a magnetic field, and separate ions with different charges and masses through an electric field. The result of these experiments was the birth of the first sector-shaped magnetic field mass spectrometer: the ions were made to fly along a parabola and their trajectories were recorded on the film to determine their precise mass. In the early days of Cavendish’s laboratory, Aston had already proved the existence of two isotopes of neon through experiments. Later, due to World War I, his research was interrupted for 5 years. In 1919, he returned to the laboratory to continue his research on the isotopes of neon. Soon, he successfully developed the first mass spectrometer, and successively produced the second and third ones with higher performance. With the help of these mass spectrometers with electromagnetic focusing properties, he identified at least 212 natural isotopes. Through the study of a large number of isotopes, he expounded the "rule of integers", that is: all elements except hydrogen, the atomic mass is an integer multiple of the mass of the hydrogen atom. Moreover, through mass spectrometry analysis, he explained that the reason for the deviation of the actual value from the above-mentioned law is the existence of isotopes. Many papers occurred in Aston's life. In 1922, he published the monograph Isotopes (" Isotopes "), which was reprinted in 1933 and was renamed Mass-spectra- and Isotopes ("Mass-spectra- and Isotopes"). There is an "Aston Crater" named after it on the moon.
Personal life
Aston loves sports and regularly goes to Switzerland, Norway, and other places to participate in cross-country skiing, skiing, and other winter events. When he was young, he spent a lot of his spare time cycling. He is also involved in swimming, golf (especially with Rutherford and other colleagues in Cambridge [10]), tennis, and other sports, and has won awards in some open competitions held in England, Wales, and Ireland. In 1909, he went to Honolulu to learn surfing. Born in a family of music, he can play piano, violin, and cello and often performs in Cambridge. In addition, he is also keen to travel around the world.
