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| jordan-hashemite-kingdom-of-jordan |
State in the Middle East. Territory - 97.7 thousand sq. km. Since June 1967, Israel has occupied 5.9 thousand square meters. km - the western bank of the river. Jordan. The population without the occupied territory is 2.2 million (1978 estimate), mainly Arabs, Circassians, Persians, Turks, Armenians, Kurds, etc. The capital is Amman (over 850 thousand inhabitants.). The state language is Arabic. State religion - Islam (Sunni persuasion). The Transjordan Emirate was created by England in the spring of 1921. From 1922 to 1946, TransJordan was ruled by England under the mandate of the League of Nations. In 1946 it received formal independence. Under the treaties of 1946 and 1948. England had the right to keep troops in Jordan and build military bases (the 1948 treaty was canceled in March 1957). In 1952, Hussein ibn Talal, the grandson of King Abdullah, who was killed in 1951, became king of Jordan. From November 14, 1958, Jordan, together with Iraq, constituted the so-called Arab Federation, which was supported by the United States and England. 14.VII 1958 an anti-monarchist revolution took place in Iraq and the federation collapsed. This turn of events did not suit the Anglo-American imperialists. 17.VII 1958 England began the transfer of its troops to Jordan. This act of British imperialism aroused deep indignation and protest on the part of the progressive public in many countries of the world. On November 2, 1958, British troops were withdrawn from Jordanian territory. In the early 60s. there have been some positive shifts in the policy of the ruling circles of Jordan. In August 1963, diplomatic relations were established between Jordan and the USSR . In June 1967 Israel attacked Jordan and occupied areas on the western bank of the river. Jordan. In July 1970, the Jordanian government agreed to a temporary ceasefire and the development of specific measures necessary to implement the UN Security Council resolution of November 22, 1967, providing for a political settlement of the Middle East crisis. Jordan recognizes the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) the right to represent all Palestinians, wherever they may be, and the right of this organization to establish an independent government in any part of the Palestinian territory liberated from Israeli occupation. Jordan rejected US attempts to drag it into separate Israeli-Egyptian negotiations. She condemned the separate "peace" treaty between Egypt and Israel, advocated the use of political and economic sanctions against the Sadat regime, and broke off diplomatic relations with Egypt. In recent years, Soviet-Jordanian relations have developed. In October 1967, an agreement on economic and technical cooperation was signed between the USSR and Jordan. During the official visit of King Hussein to the Soviet Union (June 1976), issues of further development of relations between the two countries were discussed and a joint communique was adopted. Jordan is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the king (Hussein ibn Talal), who has broad powers in the field of legislative and executive power. There is a bicameral parliament and a government responsible to it. Since April 1957, all political parties have been officially outlawed. However, after the Israeli aggression in 1967, when the government needed to support all national patriotic forces, it partially allowed the activities of some organizations. The Jordanian Communist Party (ICP) - founded in 1943, until 1951 was called the League of National Liberation. Acts in illegal conditions. It is at the forefront of the struggle of the working people to eliminate the consequences of the Israeli aggression, against imperialism and local reaction. In 1973, the ICP and other patriotic forces developed a common platform for a broad Palestinian national front, which is now the basis of the patriotic struggle in the occupied territories. The first secretary of the IKP Central Committee is Faik Varrad. The General Federation of Workers' Trade Unions of Jordan - founded in 1954, is part of the WFTU. Jordan is a pastoralist country with vestiges of pre-capitalist relations in agriculture and developing industrial production. Agriculture employs about 40% of the population. Small-scale commodity farms with plots of less than 5 hectares prevail. Large and medium-sized landowners make up 5.8% of all farms, but they account for almost half of all cultivated land. Gathering of major crops, excluding the areas occupied by Israel (1978, thousand tons): wheat - 53.3, barley - 15.6, tomatoes - 208.8, olives - 37, grapes - 30.7, citrus - 32 , 9, watermelons - 40.3. Livestock raising is extensive. Due to diseases and frequent droughts, many livestock die. Livestock (1978, thousand heads): sheep - 856.5, goats - 382.3, cattle - 39.5, camels - 10.4. The industry is represented mainly by small handicraft enterprises. 70% of all industry is concentrated in Amman and the surrounding area. Production of the main types of industrial products (1978, thousand tons): phosphates - 2320, cement - 553, oil products - 1397, leather (thousand sq. m.) - 263, batteries (thousand units) - 44, electricity - about 500 mln. kWh The length of railways is about 600 km, of roads - about 8 thousand km. The turnover of the country's only seaport of Aqaba is 3.1 million tons (1977). The monetary unit is the Jordanian dinar. 1 jord. din. = $ 2.96 (at the beginning of 1978). Foreign trade plays an important role in the Jordanian economy. Jordan imports almost all industrial products. and many types of food products, exports phosphates, cement and some agricultural products. Trade partners: Germany, Saudi Arabia, England, USA, Japan, Italy, Syria. In recent years, the volume of trade with the socialist countries has increased. The standard of living of the bulk of the population is low.
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