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| Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) |
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) is a state in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. Territory - 121.2 thousand sq. km. Population - over 17 million (1980); Koreans, tens of thousands of Chinese live. The capital is Pyongyang (over 1 million inhabitants). The official language is Korean. In 1945-48. in North Korea, under the leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea (KPK), radical democratic reforms were carried out (land reform, nationalization of industry, transport, communications, banks, foreign trade, the proclamation of the equality of women, democratization of education, etc.) and the restoration of the productive potential, destroyed Japanese invaders on the eve of surrender. The country entered a period of gradual transition to socialism, interrupted, however, by the war of 1950-53. In the post-war period, the DPRK, relying on economic cooperation with the USSR and other socialist countries, not only healed the severe wounds of the war, but also created a solid foundation for the national. economy. In 1958, the socialist transformations in the city and countryside were completed. The 5th Congress of the WPK (November 1970), in a resolution on the report of the Central Committee, stated that the DPRK had turned into a socialist industrial state. The victory of socialism was legislatively confirmed by the new Socialist Constitution of the DPRK, adopted on December 27, 1972. An important stage in further strengthening the material and technical base of socialism will be the implementation of the second 7-year plan for the development of the DPRK's national economy (1978-84). New frontiers in the building of socialism will be outlined by the VI Congress of the WPK (October 1980). The DPRK has diplomatic relations with more than 90 countries around the world. One of the important directions of the DPRK's foreign policy is the development of friendship and cooperation with the socialist countries. The Soviet-Korean Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation and: Mutual Assistance, concluded on July 6, 1961, provides for the active development of political, economic and cultural ties, systematic consultations on pressing international problems and coordination of efforts to ensure security in the Far East. According to the 1972 constitution, the supreme legislative body of state power is the Supreme People's Assembly (VNS), which is elected for a four-year term. In the period between sessions of the WPC, the Permanent Council of the High School functions. The head of state is the president (elected by the VNS for 4 years), who is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The President heads the highest governing body of state power, the Central People's Committee (CNK). The CSC forms an administrative and executive body - the Administrative Council. President of the DPRK - Kim Il Sung. Premier of the Governing Body of the DPRK - Lee Deng Oko The leading force of the Korean people is the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), founded on 10.10, 1945. The immediate task of the party is to ensure the complete victory of socialism in the North and the completion of the national liberation, democratic revolution on a national scale, to achieve the unification of the homeland, and the ultimate goal is building a communist society. General Secretary of the Central Committee of the WPK - Kim Il Sung. The press organs of the Central Committee of the WPK are the Nodong Sinmun newspaper, the political and theoretical journal Kylloja. The WPK is a leading force in the United Democratic National Front of Korea, which includes Democratic Party of Korea, Chongdogyo Cheonudang Party (Young Friends of the Heavenly Path Religion Party) and grassroots organizations: United Trade Unions of Korea, Agricultural Workers 'Union of Korea, Democratic Women's Union of Korea, and Socialist Youth Workers' Union of Korea. The DPRK has significant reserves of non-ferrous, ferrous, noble and rare metals, coal, graphite, magnesite and other minerals. The leading sector of the economy is industry. In 1979, the gross volume of its production increased by 15% compared to 1978. The most developed are the electric power industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, coal, mining and chemical industries, and the production of building materials. Over the years of people's power, a diversified machine building industry has been created in the country. A program for the development of light and food industries is being implemented. By the end of the second seven-year plan (1984), it is planned to double the output of prom. products, the production of its most important types will be: electricity - 56-60 billion kWh, pig iron - 6.4-7 million tons, steel - 7.4-8 million tons, rolled products 5.6-6 million tons , cement - 12-13 million tons. 70-80 million tons of coal, 16 million tons of iron ore, 1 million tons of non-ferrous metal ores will be mined. The basis of agriculture is grain production (harvest - 9 million tons in 1979). The main crops are rice and corn. Wheat, barley, soybeans, potatoes and other crops are also grown. Vegetable growing, horticulture, poultry farming, and sericulture are developing. About 2 million tons of fish and seafood are mined. The USSR and other socialist countries provide the DPRK with assistance, including on a credit basis, in solving major problems of the development of its economy, exchange scientific and technical information and production experience with it, and cooperate in many fields of science and technology. About 90% of freight traffic is by rail. transport. Main railways highways are electrified. The monetary unit is won. 100 won = 74.93 RUB (1980). The DPRK maintains trade and economic ties with more than 90 countries. The main trading partners are the socialist countries, primarily the USSR . National income per capita in 1979 amounted to 1920 dollars. The country has abolished taxes on the population. 1975/76 academic year d. the transition to universal compulsory 11-year education (including one-year preschool education) was carried out.
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