One of the main reasons for the prosperity of ancient Egyptian civilization and national unity is geographical reasons. There is no natural barrier on both sides of the Nile River. Therefore, it is very convenient to move up and down along the Nile River. Whether it is from land or water, you can drive straight in for a long time. Therefore, it is only a matter of time before the Nile is unified up and down. Egypt continues to the south or west, which is the endless Sahara Desert, and east is blocked by the Red Sea. So the only enemy is coming from the Mediterranean or through Sinai. Later history also proved that the people who wiped out ancient Egypt were the Greeks, Romans, and Arabs from around the Mediterranean.
The ancient kingdom of Egypt has prospered for 3000 years. In addition to the geographical factors I mentioned above, the biggest factor is the birth of several great pharaohs. They lead the people to open up new territories, move forward courageously, resist aggression, defend the country, unify culture, and reach consensus. Menis, the founding king of Egypt, was originally the tribal leader of Upper Egypt and led his people to conquer Lower Egypt in one fell swoop. The conquest itself is not great, and the rule after the conquest is the key to determining development. Menes built the capital of Memphis at the junction of Upper and Lower Egypt, thus connecting the upper and lower Egypt together; secondly, Menis was very clever to merge the crown of Lower Egypt into his own crown, combining the gods of Lower Egypt. Into the unified god system, because there is no difference in treatment, the upper and lower Egypt quickly merged into a unified nation. Khufu and his sons and grandsons, who we are familiar with, who built the pyramids, are not great pharaohs. They basically used the state finances to build their own mausoleum. Around 1550 BC, Egypt was invaded by foreign enemies, the Heksos, and fell to pieces. Yahmos led the war to expel the Heksos, bringing Egypt back to unity and becoming the founder of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. . Among the 31 dynasties of ancient Egypt, the eighteenth dynasty was the one with the longest duration, the largest territory and the most prosperous national power. Thutmose III was the master of this dynasty and was considered to be ancient One of Egypt's greatest pharaohs, known as the "Napoleon of the ancient world" and "the first world hero", is invincible and invincible. He also has a more famous mother, Hatshepsut, who is a famous queen in history (we compare her to Wu Zetian of Egypt). Thutmose III conquered Syria, Palestine, and Nubia farther south in Egypt, turning the battle to expel the invaders into a war of aggression, making many small countries around him surrender to the feet of the Egyptian empire. |
| The most famous pharaoh in the New Kingdom was Ramesses II. His father Sethos I was himself a warlike pharaoh. The inscription on his tombstone reads like this: |
"Pharaoh was mad for war and prayed for victory. The pulsation of blood and fire excites him so much. It is his hobby to cut off the heads of others and let the enemy break into pieces." Ramses II was also a person who likes to fight. After more than ten years of bloody battles with the Western Taiwan Empire, the two sides finally made peace and reached the first peace treaty in the history of the world, the "Silver Treaty." In addition to the war, Ramses II also exaggerated his achievements and heroic stories through the temple. He built the most famous temple of Abu Simbel today. In most temples in Egypt, he jumped on the golden chariot, the majestic image (this is true, he once drove the chariot alone, bravely rushing into the enemy line). At the same time, he is also a lover with excess energy, with hundreds of concubines and hundreds of children. Among them, the woman he loves most is Nefertari. In order to show his love for her, a small temple was built for her in the Abu Simbel Temple. Her statue is as tall as his (Pharaoh). Generally, others will be carved very small, which is a subordinate position). He ruled Egypt for more than 60 years and is the longest ruled pharaoh. In order to show that he is not old, he ran around the pyramid when he was close to 90 years old. He was a man with dreams, much like Emperor Wu of China. He exhausted all his national power to fight in the north and south. The new kingdom has since declined.
Finally, we must write about Thutmose III’s mother, Hatshepsut, the only female pharaoh of ancient Egypt. She is the only daughter of Thutmose I and Queen Amos. When the father died, the throne was passed to the son born in the side room, namely Thutmose II. Because Thutmose II was not of pure royal blood, for the sake of pure royal blood, Hatshepsut married his half-brother (marriage between brothers and sisters, even father and daughter marriage in ancient Egypt The royal family is very common).
The second was frail and sickly, and died soon after. Thutmose II and Hatshepsut did not leave a legal heir, so the 10-year-old child born to Thutmose II and his consort was named Thutmose III. Hatshepsut assisted the young pharaoh as a mother, took the opportunity to control the power of state and government, and finally determined to become a real pharaoh. She asked the priest to make up stories, claiming that she was the daughter of the sun god Amon, deposed Thutmose III, ascended to the throne, and exiled Thutmose III as a priest. In order to be as majestic as a male pharaoh, she disguised herself as a man from the beginning of the coronation, wearing a fake beard, a man's crown on her head, and a generous pharaoh robe. During her reign, Egypt stopped its foreign wars and started commerce with neighboring countries, which made Egypt very prosperous and prosperous during her reign. Hatshepsut died after 21 years of reign, and Thutmose III returned to the throne with the support of the priests of the temple. As mentioned earlier, Thutmose III is a staunch God of War. In order to avenge his stepmother who usurped his throne, he ordered the Queen’s Temple and Karnak Temple in the Valley of the Kings to be engraved with Hatshepsut’s name. The sculptures and murals of the statues and statues were destroyed, eliminating the traces of her ruling the country. It is not easy to find a statue with her face now.
For thousands of years of world history, the emperors came and went, and the protagonists on the stage changed and changed. Every stone in the pyramid and every statue on the temple was created by ordinary people little by little. These statues record the achievements and honor of the emperor. But the people behind it have long been obscured and disappeared in the long river of history. Even today, many rulers in the world are still doing things in the name of the people, and what they do is not necessarily for the people.
For thousands of years of world history, the emperors came and went, and the protagonists on the stage changed and changed. Every stone in the pyramid and every statue on the temple was created by ordinary people little by little. These statues record the achievements and honor of the emperor. But the people behind it have long been obscured and disappeared in the long river of history. Even today, many rulers in the world are still doing things in the name of the people, and what they do is not necessarily for the people.
