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| Algeria (People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, ANDR) |
State in the northwestern part of Africa. Territory - 2381.7 thousand sq. km. Population - 17.8 million (1979), mainly Arabs (Algerians), partly Berbers (Kabil, Tuareg). There are also about 80 thousand Europeans, mostly French. The capital is Algeria (with suburbs - about 3 million inhabitants). The state language is Arabic, French is also widespread. The state religion is Islam. From 1830 to 1962 Algeria was a colony of France. The incessant actions of the popular masses against the colonialists took on a particularly wide scale after the Second World War. 1.XI 1954 an uprising broke out, led by the National Liberation Front (FIO), which united the patriotic forces of the country. The hard, bloody struggle of the Algerian people for independence ended with the signing of the Evian ceasefire agreements (March 18, 1962), and then with the proclamation of the independence of Algeria (July 5, 1962). In the field of foreign policy, the Democratic Republic of Korea pursues an anti-imperialist, anti-colonial course, adheres to the principles of positive neutrality, support for national liberation movements in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and advocates the development of relations with all countries on the basis of equality and non-interference in internal affairs. The Democratic Republic of Korea plays an important positive role in the non-aligned movement, in rallying the progressive forces of the Arab world in the struggle against imperialism and Zionism, against the course towards separate deals on the issue of Middle East settlement. Algeria is a member of the League of Arab States, the Organization of African Unity. Cooperation is developing between the USSR and the APR in the political, economic and cultural fields. The USSR was among the first countries to establish diplomatic relations with Algeria. IESSR has provided and continues to assist him in the development of the Industry, conducting geological exploration work, in the field of water management, in the preparation of nat. personnel, in health care, etc. With the assistance of the USSRthe steel-making and wire shops of the metallurgical plant in Al-Khajar were built (work on expanding the capacity of this plant is nearing completion), an enterprise for the production of mercury, a lead-zinc enrichment plant, a thermal power plant, and a shop for the production of window glass. Higher and secondary educational institutions, vocational training centers have been created. The Democratic Republic of Korea has developed ties with most of the socialist countries. Algeria is a republic. A referendum in June 1976 approved the program document of the Algerian revolution - the National Party. The Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Korea, which entered into force on November 22, 1976, proclaims that the path to socialism is an irreversible choice of the Algerian people. The head of state is the president of the republic, elected by direct universal suffrage for a term of 5 years. President of the IDR - Benjedid Shadli. Prime Minister - Mohamed Benahmed Abdelgani. Legislative power is vested in the National People's Assembly (NPC) elected for a five-year term. The National Liberation Front Party, according to the constitution, is "the only party in the country, the leading force in society." The IV Congress of the FLN (January 1979) approved the party charter, which proclaimed the National Charter as the fundamental document of the party, elected the Central Committee and the Politburo, headed by the General Secretary of the FLN, Benjedid Shadli. The main public organizations: the General Union of Algerian Workers, the National Union of Algerian Peasants, the National Union of Algerian Youth, the National Union of Algerian Women, and others, work under the leadership of the FLN party. The bowels of Algeria contain large reserves of minerals - oil, natural gas, iron ore, mercury, tungsten, lead and other polymetallic ores, as well as uranium. There are favorable conditions for highly productive agriculture. The main branch of agriculture is agriculture. In 1977, 1.1 million g of grain, 472 thousand g of potatoes, 0.5 million tons of citrus fruits, 1 million tons of vegetables, 117 thousand tons of dates, 2.5 million hectoliters of wine were produced. There are 1.1 million head of cattle, sheep - 10.2 million, goats - 12.4 million, camels - 145 thousand, horses - 145 thousand, donkeys and mules - 681 thousand. In the first years after the conquest of independence on the lands confiscated from Europeans and collaborators, the so-called. self-governing sector - about 1,850 farms and 390 cooperatives of former war veterans. The sector has 2.5 million hectares out of 7.2 million hectares of the total cultivated area and gives about 60% of all marketable agricultural products. Of great importance are the broad transformations carried out in accordance with the law on the "agrarian revolution" of November 8, 1971, providing for the distribution of land on the principle of "land to those who cultivate it", limiting the size of land and the number of privately owned livestock (these measures affected about 30 thousand landowners), the creation of cooperatives and the construction of modern villages. By September 1979, there were 6,300 agricultural cooperatives, to which 1 million hectares of land were transferred and which unite 127 thousand peasants. Over 150 new villages have been built out of 1000 planned. The self-governing and cooperative sectors now produce 41% of cereals and 9% of meat. The private sector still covers 1.3 million peasants, owns 60% of agricultural land, accounts for 59% of cereals, 53% of potatoes, and owns most of the livestock (91% of meat). The main industry is mining. In 1978, 57.2 million tons of oil were produced (85% exported), 14.1 billion cubic meters. m of natural gas, 8 million tons of oil products were produced. In 1977, mined (in thousand years): iron ore - over 3200, phosphates - 1100, mercury - 30, kaolin - 9. The processing industry is represented by plants and factories for the processing of agricultural raw materials, modern enterprises of metallurgical, machine-building, oil refining, chemical , electrical and a number of other industries. In 1977, 4.5 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity were produced, 400 thousand tons of steel, 2.5 million tons of cement, 600 thousand grams of chemical fertilizers, over 100 million square meters. m of fabrics, 148 thousand tons of sugar. In 1978, 6 thousand trucks and buses, 3.1 thousand tractors were produced and assembled. The public sector accounts for 90% of the industrial sector. products. The entire mining industry, all the production of electricity, glass, etc. are under the control of the state. Banks, insurance companies and vehicles were nationalized. After the nationalization of foreign capital in the oil and gas industry in 1971, state-owned companies now control 80% of the country's oil production, 90% of the oil refining industry and 100% of the gas industry and oil pipeline transport. National private capital is represented in trade, light industry, handicrafts and services. Length of rail roads - about 4 thousand km, highways - 47 thousand km. Major seaports are Algeria, Oran, Annaba, Skikda, Mostaganem. The National Maritime Company KIAN has 66 vessels. The main international airport is Dar el Beida. There are 502 thousand cars in the country, including 333 thousand cars. In January 1978, a law was adopted on the state monopoly on foreign trade. Oil, liquefied gas, wine, citrus fruits, iron ore, cork, etc. are exported. Machinery and equipment (up to 70% of imports), food, consumer goods are imported. Major trading partners: USA, Germany, France, Italy. In April 1976, an agreement was signed on cooperation between Algeria and the EEC. The monetary unit is the Algerian dinar. 100 dinars = 17 p. K. 57 (February 1979). The government of the Democratic Republic of Korea is taking measures to eliminate the grave legacy of colonialism - unemployment, illiteracy, lack of housing, etc., as well as to return Algerian emigrants from Western Europe to the country. The poorest peasants and low-paid categories of workers have been exempted from paying taxes, and the social insurance system is being improved. Great successes have been achieved in the field of education and training of the national. frames.
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