The history of human development is undoubtedly a history of war. At the beginning of the formation of human civilization, ancient warfare is more like a village fight in our eyes. Because of absurd reasons, it was opened and defeated by one side. end. We can now find many traces of war in historical sites, and even trace it back to the blasting of Neanderthals after Homo sapiens came out of Africa more than 30,000 years ago. But there will be no text, so there is no exact written record at all.
And today, Gouzi is here to chat with everyone, the first war in the world that has written records and signed a contract after the fight-the battle of Kadeshi. Seven thousand years ago, in the two river basins of Asia Minor and along the banks of the Nile, mankind began to have the germination of civilization in the modern sense. This is also the earliest Egyptian civilization and Sumerian civilization. Egypt was unified by Menes around the third millennium BC and established the first dynasty. With the development of productivity and population growth later, the Egyptians naturally continued to expand to Asia Minor along the west coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
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On the other hand, the Mesopotamia on the other side of Sumer did not stop. The Babylonians, Assyrians, and West Taiwanese were all in an expansion period at the time, and there were constant disputes between them. By the 12th century BC, the Egyptians who expanded into Asia Minor met the West Taiwanese and opened the world’s first documented war, the Battle of Kadeshi.
In 1279 BC, Ramses II, the grandson of the third pharaoh Ramses I in the 19th Dynasty of Egypt, succeeded to the throne. The second generation of this army went to Libya and Palestine with his father when he was 22 years old. Before he came to the throne, he was already a tank commander. Because he was particularly vigorous in battle, he was a famous and desperate Saburo, so he enjoyed high prestige in the army.
After he assumed the throne, he inherited his father’s military policy, rigged his troops, expanded his armaments, and prepared for war. The commander-in-chief reorganized four legions with a total of more than 20,000 troops. This was almost a national effort at the time. Enough. At that time, the Xitai Empire was in the New Kingdom period under the rule of Mowatali II. The population reached 2.2 million in 1300 BC, and it was also the strongest period of the Xitai Kingdom, and it had fought against the Egyptians before. It also took a small advantage. In addition, the Xitai people were the first civilizations to start using ironware, and they must have been a little bit scared when they started fighting.
Since the Egyptians and the Xitais were both regional tyrants at that time, and they had contradicted themselves for a long time during the expansion, especially when the Egyptians could not swallow the sound of Kadeshi being taken away by the Xitais when their 18th dynasty was weak. Therefore, both anti-stakes are in line with the life and death creed of life and death, and they want to do another fight.
In 1274 BC, Ramses II led his four legions northward. The agents of the Xitai people in Egypt have long sent people to the King of Xitai to send secret information about the Egyptian army's preparations for an expedition. Therefore, King Mowatali of the West Taiwan convened a military meeting and formulated a careful combat plan: first, a group of servants were moved from the surrounding dogleg servant countries, and almost a total of more than 30,000 coalition forces were assembled. 2500-3500 chariots were waiting for Voldemort in Cadesh, ready to ambush the Egyptian army. At this time, the West Taiwanese army only had to wait for work, lure the enemy into the ambush, and crush Ramses II's plan to advance north. To this end, Muwatali also sent two "death rooms" to provide false information to the Egyptian army to lure the enemy into deepening.
When the King of Xitai learned that Ramses II’s army had reached the vicinity of Kadez, he sent two Xitai soldiers disguised as deserters to act as a "death room" near the ferry of the Orent River, which the Egyptian army must pass through. A few days later, King Ramses II of Egypt took the outpost Amon Army led by a magnificent chariot and went north along the east bank of the Orent River to camp in the highlands about 15 miles south of Kadeshi. Ramses II was very big at this time, because the scouts did not obtain any information about the main force of the West Taiwanese army, and rash attacks were a tactical taboo. At this time, Ramses really wished to arrest two West Taiwanese for interrogation. Like a pie falling from the sky, the next day, when Pharaoh Ramses II led the Army of Amon to the Sabtona Ferry, 8 miles south of Kadesh, two thief-headed Xitai cavalry were like As arranged by the crew, they were captured by the Egyptians without any suspense. After some interrogation (violent) information (beating), the Egyptians learned that the two had defected from the Western Taiwan Army and were about to join the Egyptian Army. They also "come out with each other." The main force of the West Taiwanese army is still stationed in Harpa, far north of Khadesh, because of fear of the arrival of the Egyptian army. (The green circle in the picture below is the rumored Harpa, and the yellow arrow is the real Kadeite)
Ramses II wondered if this was far away from him, so he led the army in-depth without hesitation.
Crossing the west bank of the Orient River from the Sabtona ferry, and after arriving at the outskirts of Kadish, set up a camp on the northwest side of the castle with great fanfare, preparing to attack the city the next day. At this moment, the Western Taiwanese king Mowatalis led the main force of the Western Taiwanese army to quietly move to the east bank of the Orient River east of Khadesh, preparing to wait for the Egyptians to attack Khadesh early the next morning. They fought and wiped out Ramses back and forth, with the slogan "Capture the Pharaoh alive and liberate Egypt". For the sake of prudence, Muwatalis once again sent a few spies to spy on the Egyptian military camp at night.
Pharaoh Ramses is in the barracks preparing to attack the city tomorrow. Suddenly, the guards came up to report that they had caught two more spies! Ramses II ordered severe torture to extract a confession, but these two twenty-five boys were obviously not professionally trained spies. After being beaten half to death, they would attack the Western Taiwan Army tomorrow. Plans leaked out. Ramses II was about to ask for more details. Egyptian scouts ran in panic and reported that Pharaoh Ramses II said that on the other side of the river to the east was a large force of Western Taiwanese! (The map at the time was almost like this) Pharaoh Ramses II was stunned by the sudden change. He did not expect that he had fallen into the trap of the Xitai people. However, Ramses II was also a person who had seen the world. In this case, he naturally cannot attack the city directly. Instead, they waited for the two legions that hadn't arrived to arrive in Kadesh as soon as possible, and fight a decisive battle with the main force of the West Taiwanese.
However, the "pull" regiment that rushed forward was charged a toll by the Xitai people's chariots. It was crushed by the iron-axle heavy chariots of West Taiwan without opening its formation, and it collapsed in an instant, and only a small part of them fled to Ramses camp. The Xitai people took advantage of the victory and pursued them all the way, pushing the Egyptian camp directly from the west. (The main defensive direction of the camp at the time was facing the east of Kadish City. The Xitai chariot went around to the west, and comfortably stole a butt)
Seeing that these Xitai people defeated the two Egyptian legions, they felt that the Egyptians were just as vulnerable. Victory is already in the bag. So began to looting the Egyptian camp frantically, grabbing the spoils. At this time, the guards of Pharaoh Ramses II began to pinch each other with the Xitai people, and Pharaoh himself escaped from the camp by taking advantage of the chaos. He led his remaining cavalry to escape eastward. Taking advantage of the difficult separation between the two armies, the cavalry led the cavalry in front of the Xitai people and then outflanked the Xitai cavalry and the chariot.
When the Xitai people realized that they were being surrounded by the Egyptians, they could only flee south in a hurry, because the Xitai people's chariot itself was heavy and loaded with spoils. Finally, the horse ran to exhaustion and was wiped out by the lightly loaded Egyptian chariot. King Xitai saw that part of his cavalry had been annihilated, so he was panicked, and quickly arranged for the infantry and cavalry in Kadesh to cross the Oriente River to attack Egypt in order to save the defeat. At first, the Egyptians were beaten up by the iron axle heavy chariots of the Cities, but at this time the Egyptian reinforcements finally arrived. The Xitais was sandwiched by three pieces of bread, and the Egyptians immediately controlled the initiative of the war. The Xitai people struggled hard, and more than half of them were killed or injured. Many of the remnants drowned in it when they withdrew to the Orient River.
Ramses II ordered the victory and pursuit to recover the long-cherished city of Kadesh, but the Egyptian army was tired and there were still many soldiers defending the city. The Egyptians couldn't keep up, and the logistics couldn't keep up. Helplessly, the Egyptians signed an agreement with the Xitai people under the city of Kadesh, made of red paper, in duplicate.
Egypt and Xitai promised to become fraternal countries and never war. Moreover, the two countries have delineated the national border and assumed the responsibility of common defense and fending off the enemy together. This is also the earliest agreement in the world. After that, the Egyptians returned to Damascus as a teacher. The Egyptians claimed that they had won, and the Xitai people did the same.
Crossing the west bank of the Orient River from the Sabtona ferry, and after arriving at the outskirts of Kadish, set up a camp on the northwest side of the castle with great fanfare, preparing to attack the city the next day. At this moment, the Western Taiwanese king Mowatalis led the main force of the Western Taiwanese army to quietly move to the east bank of the Orient River east of Khadesh, preparing to wait for the Egyptians to attack Khadesh early the next morning. They fought and wiped out Ramses back and forth, with the slogan "Capture the Pharaoh alive and liberate Egypt". For the sake of prudence, Muwatalis once again sent a few spies to spy on the Egyptian military camp at night.
Pharaoh Ramses is in the barracks preparing to attack the city tomorrow. Suddenly, the guards came up to report that they had caught two more spies! Ramses II ordered severe torture to extract a confession, but these two twenty-five boys were obviously not professionally trained spies. After being beaten half to death, they would attack the Western Taiwan Army tomorrow. Plans leaked out. Ramses II was about to ask for more details. Egyptian scouts ran in panic and reported that Pharaoh Ramses II said that on the other side of the river to the east was a large force of Western Taiwanese! (The map at the time was almost like this) Pharaoh Ramses II was stunned by the sudden change. He did not expect that he had fallen into the trap of the Xitai people. However, Ramses II was also a person who had seen the world. In this case, he naturally cannot attack the city directly. Instead, they waited for the two legions that hadn't arrived to arrive in Kadesh as soon as possible, and fight a decisive battle with the main force of the West Taiwanese.
However, the "pull" regiment that rushed forward was charged a toll by the Xitai people's chariots. It was crushed by the iron-axle heavy chariots of West Taiwan without opening its formation, and it collapsed in an instant, and only a small part of them fled to Ramses camp. The Xitai people took advantage of the victory and pursued them all the way, pushing the Egyptian camp directly from the west. (The main defensive direction of the camp at the time was facing the east of Kadish City. The Xitai chariot went around to the west, and comfortably stole a butt)
Seeing that these Xitai people defeated the two Egyptian legions, they felt that the Egyptians were just as vulnerable. Victory is already in the bag. So began to looting the Egyptian camp frantically, grabbing the spoils. At this time, the guards of Pharaoh Ramses II began to pinch each other with the Xitai people, and Pharaoh himself escaped from the camp by taking advantage of the chaos. He led his remaining cavalry to escape eastward. Taking advantage of the difficult separation between the two armies, the cavalry led the cavalry in front of the Xitai people and then outflanked the Xitai cavalry and the chariot.
When the Xitai people realized that they were being surrounded by the Egyptians, they could only flee south in a hurry, because the Xitai people's chariot itself was heavy and loaded with spoils. Finally, the horse ran to exhaustion and was wiped out by the lightly loaded Egyptian chariot. King Xitai saw that part of his cavalry had been annihilated, so he was panicked, and quickly arranged for the infantry and cavalry in Kadesh to cross the Oriente River to attack Egypt in order to save the defeat. At first, the Egyptians were beaten up by the iron axle heavy chariots of the Cities, but at this time the Egyptian reinforcements finally arrived. The Xitais was sandwiched by three pieces of bread, and the Egyptians immediately controlled the initiative of the war. The Xitai people struggled hard, and more than half of them were killed or injured. Many of the remnants drowned in it when they withdrew to the Orient River.
Ramses II ordered the victory and pursuit to recover the long-cherished city of Kadesh, but the Egyptian army was tired and there were still many soldiers defending the city. The Egyptians couldn't keep up, and the logistics couldn't keep up. Helplessly, the Egyptians signed an agreement with the Xitai people under the city of Kadesh, made of red paper, in duplicate.
Egypt and Xitai promised to become fraternal countries and never war. Moreover, the two countries have delineated the national border and assumed the responsibility of common defense and fending off the enemy together. This is also the earliest agreement in the world. After that, the Egyptians returned to Damascus as a teacher. The Egyptians claimed that they had won, and the Xitai people did the same.
